本文關(guān)鍵詞：地下水中有機(jī)污染物的篩選方案研究　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：地下水是我國(guó)重要的飲用水水源,日益嚴(yán)峻的地下水有機(jī)污染已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重威脅到人類的健康。由于有機(jī)物種類繁多結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,其分析檢測(cè)能力與實(shí)際工作量的限制使得對(duì)其全部進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)極其困難,因此如何有效的篩選出亟待我們關(guān)注的有機(jī)指標(biāo)顯得十分必要。針對(duì)該問(wèn)題,本論文形成一個(gè)地下水中有機(jī)污染物的篩選方案,該方案旨在更客觀且可重復(fù)可更新,能夠適用于我國(guó)地下水環(huán)境研究現(xiàn)狀。將該方案應(yīng)用于我國(guó)地下水環(huán)境,形成地下水中有機(jī)物篩選名單。經(jīng)研究論文得到以下研究結(jié)果:1.為篩選出需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的有機(jī)指標(biāo),本論文形成了適用于我國(guó)國(guó)情的地下水中有機(jī)污染物的多階段篩選方案,各階段均有其客觀的篩選原則及方法。第一階段為有機(jī)物備選范圍到初選名單的篩選過(guò)程,通過(guò)對(duì)目標(biāo)有機(jī)物的重復(fù)性、混合物、統(tǒng)稱、同分異構(gòu)體以及支撐數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性問(wèn)題進(jìn)行判斷;第二階段為有機(jī)物初選名單到初步名單的分類過(guò)程,主要以有機(jī)物對(duì)人類與環(huán)境的毒性影響和暴露情況為分類原則,以LD50、致癌性分類為毒性評(píng)選指標(biāo),以持久性、檢出率為暴露情況評(píng)選指標(biāo)分別對(duì)有機(jī)物進(jìn)行分類;第三階段為有機(jī)物初步名單到篩選名單的排序過(guò)程,主要以目標(biāo)有機(jī)物的毒性、持久性、遷移性以及檢出情況為評(píng)分指標(biāo),以簡(jiǎn)化的CHEMS-1模型為評(píng)分排序方法。2.以美國(guó)《國(guó)家一級(jí)飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》、世衛(wèi)組織《飲用水水質(zhì)準(zhǔn)則》、歐盟飲用水水質(zhì)指令以及8個(gè)國(guó)內(nèi)水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為篩選數(shù)據(jù)源,對(duì)已形成的篩選方案進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證并對(duì)方案的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行分析。198項(xiàng)待篩選指標(biāo)有188項(xiàng)進(jìn)入篩選名單,10項(xiàng)有機(jī)指標(biāo)被排除。對(duì)方案的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行分析,在不考慮檢出情況的前提下,對(duì)篩選名單結(jié)果影響較大的因素是各指標(biāo)估算值。3.以具備實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)能力的161項(xiàng)有機(jī)指標(biāo)名單及東北地區(qū)地下水中有機(jī)物檢測(cè)結(jié)果為數(shù)據(jù)源,利用本篩選方案形成東北地區(qū)篩選名單。與利用水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行篩選形成的篩選名單相比有71項(xiàng)屬于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)外指標(biāo),71項(xiàng)中有41項(xiàng)在東北地區(qū)檢出。
[Abstract]:Groundwater is an important drinking water source in China. The organic pollution of groundwater has seriously threatened human health. Its analysis and detection ability and actual workload constraints make it extremely difficult to monitor all, so how to effectively screen out the organic indicators that need our attention is very necessary. This paper forms a screening scheme for organic pollutants in groundwater, which aims to be more objective, repeatable and renewable, and can be applied to the research of groundwater environment in China. The following research results are obtained: 1. In order to select the organic indexes that need to be paid more attention to. In this paper, a multi-stage screening scheme for organic pollutants in groundwater is developed, which is suitable for the situation of our country. Each stage has its objective screening principles and methods. The first stage is the screening process from the organic selection range to the primary list, through the repeatability of the target organic matter, mixture, general name. The reliability of isomers and supporting data is judged. The second stage is the classification process from the primary list to the preliminary list, mainly based on the toxicity of organic matter to human beings and the environment and exposure to the principle, LD50, carcinogenicity classification as toxicity evaluation index. The organics were classified with persistence and detection rate as the selection index of exposure. The third stage is the ranking process from the preliminary list to the screening list, mainly based on the toxicity, persistence, mobility and detection of the target organic compounds. The simplified CHEMS-1 model was used as the ranking method. 2. According to the National First-class drinking Water Sanitation Standards of the United States, WHO guidelines for drinking Water quality. EU drinking water quality directive and 8 domestic water quality standards for screening data sources. To verify the existing screening scheme and analyze the stability of the program. 188 items were excluded from the selection list. The stability of the scheme was analyzed. Without considering the detection. The factors that have great influence on the results of screening list are estimated value of each index. The data source is 161 organic indexes with laboratory detection ability and the results of detecting organic matter in groundwater in Northeast China. The screening list in Northeast China was formed by this screening scheme. Compared with the screening list based on water quality standard, there were 71 items which belong to non-standard indexes and 41 of which were detected in Northeast China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X523

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