本文關(guān)鍵詞：納米銀對(duì)水稻的生物有效性研究　出處：《蘇州科技學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 納米銀 粒徑分布 吸收速率 溶解 團(tuán)聚

【摘要】：本文首先對(duì)比研究了AgNP的不同定性與定量分析方法,包括不同分離與消解方法的對(duì)比以及動(dòng)態(tài)光散射(DLS)與透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)表征方法的對(duì)比。并在此基礎(chǔ)上研究了AgNP對(duì)水稻的生物有效性,主要從其對(duì)水稻的毒性、能否被水稻吸收、積累以及有機(jī)質(zhì)對(duì)水稻吸收AgNP速率的影響開展相關(guān)工作。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)超高速離心的分離效果受溶液總Ag濃度的影響,分離效果不穩(wěn)定。對(duì)于體系單純的AgNP樣品,可通過1:2的液酸(溶液:濃硝酸)體積比、常溫消解的方法達(dá)到較好的消解效果。對(duì)比動(dòng)態(tài)光散射(DLS)與透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)兩種表征方法發(fā)現(xiàn),DLS表征獲得的AgNP的水合粒徑顯著高于TEM圖統(tǒng)計(jì)得到的粒徑,分析可能的原因?yàn)锳gNP顆粒表面的包被物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的存在增大了AgNP顆粒的水合粒徑,而TEM表征得到的粒徑只有AgNP顆粒本身。在根系暴露與葉片噴施暴露兩種途徑下,水稻吸收并積累了AgNP,且葉片噴施暴露的葉片積累量遠(yuǎn)高于同等劑量根系暴露葉片的積累量,比如AgNP暴露濃度均為1 mg/L時(shí),根系暴露葉片中銀的積累量為0.44 mg/kg,而葉片噴施暴露葉片中銀的積累量高達(dá)8.40 mg/kg。借助單顆粒電感耦合等離子質(zhì)譜技術(shù)(sp-ICP-MS)得出兩種暴露途徑下,不論是AgNP還是銀離子暴露,均在水稻葉片中檢測(cè)到粒徑在30-40 nm范圍內(nèi)的AgNP顆粒,且通過透射電子顯微鏡能譜儀(TEM-EDS)對(duì)噴施處理的水稻葉片中的AgNP進(jìn)行定性和半定量分析發(fā)現(xiàn),水稻葉片中AgNP的粒徑在30-40 nm,與sp-ICP-MS結(jié)果一致,均遠(yuǎn)高于暴露溶液中AgNP(13.3±3.7 nm)的粒徑。生物量指標(biāo)表明,水稻根系暴露AgNP后,AgNP顯著抑制了水稻的生長,葉片噴施暴露則沒有顯著的毒性效應(yīng)。在此基礎(chǔ)上研究了水稻秸稈腐解液作為模型有機(jī)質(zhì)對(duì)水稻吸收AgNP速率的影響。研究結(jié)果表明水稻對(duì)AgNP的吸收速率(0.21 mg/(g·h)—0.03 mg/(g·h))隨水稻秸稈腐解液中總有機(jī)碳(TOC)濃度(0 mg/L—20 mg/L)的升高而線性降低;當(dāng)TOC濃度達(dá)到20 mg/L—80 mg/L,AgNP的吸收速率趨于穩(wěn)定(~0.03mg/(g·h))。同時(shí),對(duì)溶液中的AgNP的動(dòng)力學(xué)過程研究表明,水稻秸稈腐解液抑制了AgNP溶出銀離子的過程(降低了27.5%—95.5%),且TOC濃度越高,抑制作用越顯著,使得溶液中銀離子的濃度降低,從而降低了水稻對(duì)AgNP的吸收速率;同時(shí),水稻秸稈腐解液能夠促進(jìn)AgNP顆粒的團(tuán)聚,使得AgNP顆粒的尺度變大,更不易被水稻所吸收。研究表明不同分子量的組分對(duì)水稻吸收AgNP速率的影響不同,且低分子量的組分(3 KDa)和水稻秸稈腐解液的有機(jī)質(zhì)對(duì)AgNP吸收速率影響相近,說明低分子量組分(3 KDa)對(duì)AgNP吸收起著重要的作用。研究結(jié)果可以為研究AgNP在植物體內(nèi)的富集與遷移以及會(huì)否沿食物鏈實(shí)現(xiàn)生物放大提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),并為進(jìn)一步預(yù)測(cè)其對(duì)較高等生物甚至人類的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。
[Abstract]:In this paper, different qualitative and quantitative methods of AgNP are compared. The comparison of different methods of separation and digestion and the comparison of dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterizations were carried out. The bioavailability of AgNP to rice was also studied. Mainly from its toxicity to rice, can be absorbed by rice. The accumulation of organic matter and the effect of organic matter on the absorption rate of AgNP in rice were studied. It was found that the separation effect of ultra-high speed centrifugation was affected by the concentration of total Ag in the solution. The separation effect is unstable. For the pure AgNP sample, the volume ratio of liquid acid (solution: concentrated nitric acid) of 1: 2 can be used. The results were compared between dynamic light scattering (DLSs) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hydration particle size of AgNP characterized by DLS was significantly higher than that obtained by TEM diagram. The possible reason is that the existence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the surface of AgNP particles increases the hydration diameter of AgNP particles. However, only AgNP particles were obtained by TEM characterization. The rice absorbed and accumulated AgNP by root exposure and leaf spray exposure. The accumulation of leaves exposed to spraying was much higher than that of roots exposed to the same dose, such as when the concentration of AgNP was 1 mg/L. The accumulation of silver in root exposed leaves was 0. 44 mg/kg. The accumulation of silver in the leaves exposed by spraying was up to 8.40 mg / kg. By means of single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS), two exposure pathways were obtained. Whether AgNP or silver ions were exposed, AgNP particles with diameter in the range of 30-40 nm were detected in rice leaves. The AgNP in rice leaves treated by spraying was qualitatively and semi-quantitatively analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) energy dispersive spectrometer (TEM-EDS). The diameter of AgNP in rice leaves ranged from 30 to 40 nm, which was consistent with the results of sp-ICP-MS. The biomass index indicated that the growth of rice was inhibited significantly after AgNP exposure to rice roots. The results showed that the grain size of rice roots was significantly higher than that in exposed solution (AgNP(13.3 鹵3. 7 nm) and the biomass index showed that AGP significantly inhibited the growth of rice. The effects of rice straw decay as model organic matter on the uptake rate of AgNP in rice were studied. The results showed that rice absorbed AgNP from rice. Rate (. 0. 21 mg/(g 路htchum -0.03 mg/(g 路htchl) 0 mg/L-20 mg / L with the concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) in the decomposed solution of rice straw (TOC) = 0 mg/L-20 / L). Increased and decreased linearly; When the concentration of TOC reached 20 mg/L-80 mg / L, the absorption rate of AgNP tended to be stable. The kinetic process of AgNP in solution was studied. The results showed that the decomposing solution of rice straw inhibited the dissolution of silver ions by AgNP (27.5- 95.5U), and the higher the TOC concentration was, the higher the concentration of TOC was. The more significant the inhibition effect, the lower the concentration of silver ions in the solution, thus reducing the absorption rate of AgNP in rice. At the same time, rice straw decomposed solution can promote the agglomeration of AgNP particles, making the size of AgNP particles larger. It is more difficult to be absorbed by rice. The results show that different molecular weight components have different effects on the uptake rate of AgNP in rice. The effects of low molecular weight fraction (3kDa) and organic matter of rice straw decomposed solution on AgNP absorption rate were similar. Low molecular weight component 3KDa). The results can provide basic data for studying the enrichment and migration of AgNP in plants and whether biomagnification will be realized along the food chain. It also provides data support for further prediction of potential risks to higher organisms and even humans.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州科技學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X503.231

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