本文關(guān)鍵詞：東江湖鉛鋅礦渣堆場土壤重金屬污染評價及治理方法研究　出處：《湘潭大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 土壤 重金屬污染 風險評價 淋洗 穩(wěn)定化

【摘要】：重金屬污染土壤對東江湖生態(tài)環(huán)境造成嚴重威脅,本研究沿東江湖鉛鋅礦渣堆場共布置71個具有代表性的采樣點,對土壤中的Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd和As五種重金屬含量及其pH進行了測定分析,并選用地積累指數(shù)法、環(huán)境容量法和潛在生態(tài)風險法對渣場分別進行土壤重金屬污染風險評價。在此基礎(chǔ)上,針對重金屬污染土壤進行淋洗處理和穩(wěn)定化的小試研究,采用草酸、檸檬酸、EDTA和茶皂素進行土壤重金屬淋洗實驗,確定最佳淋洗劑、淋洗濃度、淋洗時間和液土比。同時,采用骨炭、氧化鈣、硫化鈉、過磷酸鈣、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉、硫酸亞鐵等不同類型的穩(wěn)定劑進行土壤重金屬穩(wěn)定化實驗,考察單一穩(wěn)定劑和組配穩(wěn)定劑對土壤重金屬的穩(wěn)定效果,并確定最佳單一穩(wěn)定劑及其投加量、最佳組配穩(wěn)定劑及其組配比例。研究所得主要結(jié)果如下:(1)東江湖鉛鋅礦渣堆場土壤中各重金屬平均含量分別為湖南省土壤背景值的64、3.6、5.5、18.5、7.6倍;根據(jù)超標倍數(shù)排序為PbCdAsCuZn,對地積累指數(shù)平均值進行排序為PbCdAsCuZn,對環(huán)境容量評價結(jié)果平均值進行排序為:PbCdAsCuZn,對潛在生態(tài)風險平均值進行排序為:CdPbAsCuZn。堆場土壤重金屬污染最為嚴重區(qū)域主要集中在礦渣原堆放點,即堆場的東北部、中部和西南部。(2)實驗得到草酸為最佳淋洗劑,其對Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd和As均有較好的淋洗效果。最佳淋洗條件為:淋洗濃度為0.2 mol/L、淋洗時間為10h、淋洗液土比為25:1。在優(yōu)化實驗條件下,對Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd和As等重金屬的去除率分別為38.45%、39.33%、39.66%、34.61%、35.24%。(3)根據(jù)單一穩(wěn)定劑綜合穩(wěn)定率可知,氧化鈣的綜合穩(wěn)定效果最好,其投加量為3g/100g時,土壤中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd和As的穩(wěn)定率分別為73.82%、38.11%、75.00%、42.94%和57.69%。(4)根據(jù)組配穩(wěn)定劑綜合穩(wěn)定率可知,最佳組配穩(wěn)定劑為穩(wěn)定劑A(骨炭、硫化鈉),其最佳組配比例為3:1,對土壤中的Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd和As均有良好的穩(wěn)定效果,其穩(wěn)定效率分別為99.05%、84.41%、64.29%、81.76%和11.54%。SEM表征結(jié)果表明,處理后土壤表面相對粗糙并出現(xiàn)部分結(jié)晶體,且形成了針狀或棒狀結(jié)晶,從而使得重金屬離子難以浸出,形成穩(wěn)定的固態(tài)體。
[Abstract]:The soil heavy metal pollution poses a serious threat to the ecological environment of the eastern lakes, rivers and lakes along the east yard layout is lead-zinc slag 71 representative samples, the soil Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and As five kinds of heavy metal content and pH were analyzed, and the accumulation index method, environmental capacity and the potential ecological risk method of slag field is used to evaluate the risk of heavy metal pollution of soil. On the basis of laboratory study, washing treatment and stabilization for heavy metal contaminated soil using oxalic acid, citric acid, EDTA and tea saponin of soil heavy metal leaching experiment, determine the optimal eluent, elution concentration, leaching time and liquid soil. At the same time, the use of bone char, calcium oxide, sodium sulfide, calcium superphosphate, two ethyl two sodium dithiocarbamate stabilizer, ferrous sulfate and other different types of heavy metals in the soil of experimental stability, stable single study The effect of stabilizer and stability with stabilizer on heavy metals in the soil, and to determine the optimal single stabilizer and its dosage, the best combination of stabilizer and its combination ratio. The experimental results were summarized as follows: (1) the average content of heavy metals in soil in Dongjiang Lake lead-zinc slag yard were 64,3.6,5.5,18.5,7.6 times of the soil background value of Hunan province; according to the exceed the standard multiple ranked PbCdAsCuZn, the accumulation index average of the order of PbCdAsCuZn, ranking for average value of environmental capacity evaluation results: PbCdAsCuZn, as a sort of average value of the potential ecological risk of soil heavy metal pollution: CdPbAsCuZn. yard is the most serious areas are mainly concentrated in the original slag stacking yard, namely the northeast, central and the southwest. (2) the best oxalic acid as eluent, the Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and As have better effect. The optimum conditions for leaching leaching: leaching concentration For 0.2 mol/L, the leaching time is 10h, the eluent is 25:1. ratio under the optimized experimental conditions, the Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and As and other heavy metal removal rates were 38.45%, 39.33%, 39.66%, 34.61%, 35.24%. (3) according to the comprehensive stability rate of single stabilizer, the best comprehensive stabilization effect of calcium oxide, the dosage of 3g/100g, Pb in soil, Zn, Cu, Cd and As stable rates were 73.82%, 38.11%, 75%, 42.94% and 57.69%. (4) according to the group with stable rate of the integrated stabilizer stabilizer, A is the best combination of stabilizer (char, sodium sulfide), the best group the ratio of 3:1 to Pb in soil, Zn, Cu, Cd and As have good effect of stability, the stable rate was 99.05%, 84.41%, 64.29%, 81.76% and 11.54%.SEM. The results showed that after treatment, the soil surface is relatively rough and some crystals, and the formation of a needle or rod shape, which makes the from the heavy metal The seed is difficult to leach to form a stable solid.

【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53;X825

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