本文關(guān)鍵詞：拜泉縣土地利用變化的生態(tài)效應(yīng)研究　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：黑龍江省作為糧食大省,其生態(tài)環(huán)境好壞關(guān)系到糧食安全、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展等方面。近年來,在快速發(fā)展的城鎮(zhèn)化時(shí)期,人們生活水平提高,造成了對(duì)于交通、工礦等建設(shè)用地的需求增加,使生態(tài)環(huán)境受到了威脅。土地利用變化發(fā)生了較大變化,引起水土流失,生物多樣性減少等生態(tài)問題。使自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)長期遭到破壞。拜泉縣位于小興安嶺松嫩平原過度點(diǎn),由于迅速的城市化進(jìn)程、大強(qiáng)度的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的背景下,土地利用變化的生態(tài)效應(yīng)的研究更具有實(shí)踐意義。即研究拜泉縣土地利用變化及其生態(tài)效應(yīng)對(duì)促進(jìn)區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè),有利于生態(tài)環(huán)境的改善。本文以黑龍江省拜泉縣為研究區(qū),包括拜泉鎮(zhèn)、愛農(nóng)鄉(xiāng)、興國鎮(zhèn)、三道鎮(zhèn)、龍泉鎮(zhèn)、豐產(chǎn)鄉(xiāng)、長春鎮(zhèn)等16個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)。以土地利用變化及其生態(tài)效應(yīng)的內(nèi)涵為基礎(chǔ),基于可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論、系統(tǒng)理論、人地關(guān)系理論及生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論,根據(jù)1992年、2002年及2012年遙感影像,以RS與GIS為主要的技術(shù)手段,獲取三個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的土地利用數(shù)據(jù)。采用土地利用動(dòng)態(tài)度模型、土地利用的轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣等方法,定性定量相結(jié)合分析并揭示其變化規(guī)律。以土地利用變化作為切入點(diǎn),通過區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境指數(shù)和利用此模型分析區(qū)域土地利用轉(zhuǎn)變類型生態(tài)貢獻(xiàn)率,對(duì)土地利用變化的生態(tài)效應(yīng)進(jìn)行定量分析和評(píng)價(jià)。土地利用變化造成的生態(tài)效應(yīng)及其分區(qū)進(jìn)行定量研究。為今后的生態(tài)建設(shè)工作提供理論依據(jù)。并對(duì)區(qū)域社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展及構(gòu)建土地利用生態(tài)安全格局,具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。研究結(jié)果表明:拜泉縣土地利用變化總體呈“四增二減”的趨勢(shì),耕地和其它用地均有不同程度的減少,草地、林地、水域及建設(shè)用地則是有所增加;拜泉縣土地利用動(dòng)態(tài)度中林地變化最為明顯,從土地利用綜合指數(shù)方面,拜泉縣處于衰退期或調(diào)整期。從區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境指數(shù),總體處于上升趨勢(shì),1992~2002年上升幅度較大。各個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)存在著惡化和改善的兩種相反的趨勢(shì),在某一種程度生存在相互抵消。根據(jù)模糊聚類分析,對(duì)拜泉縣區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境指數(shù)進(jìn)行分區(qū),分為五大區(qū):高值區(qū)、較高值區(qū)、一般去、較低值區(qū)和低值區(qū)。通過綜合分析,生態(tài)質(zhì)量指數(shù)低的向生態(tài)質(zhì)量指數(shù)高的土地利用類型轉(zhuǎn)變,可以有效地改善生態(tài)環(huán)境;相反則是對(duì)區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化起著重大作用。土地利用類型的轉(zhuǎn)變影響區(qū)域的生態(tài)環(huán)境的好壞。拜泉縣整個(gè)的區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境指數(shù)影響較小;耕地、林地等用地總量和結(jié)構(gòu)中,拜泉縣區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境指數(shù)受其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的變化影響較大,耕地、林地等用地總量對(duì)其影響較小。在人口增長、政策、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等外生變量中,人口因素、政策因素及經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展因素是主要的影響因子。
[Abstract]:Heilongjiang Province as a big grain province, its ecological environment is related to food security, social and economic sustainable development. In recent years, in the rapid development of urbanization, people's living standards improved. As a result, the demand for construction land, such as transportation, industry and mining, has increased, and the ecological environment has been threatened. The land use change has changed greatly, resulting in soil erosion. The natural ecosystem has been destroyed for a long time. Baiquan County is located in the transitional area of Songnen Plain in Xiaoxinganling. Due to the rapid urbanization process, the background of large intensity of agricultural production. The study of ecological effect of land use change is of practical significance, that is to say, the study of land use change and its ecological effect in Baiquan county can promote the construction of regional ecological environment. This paper takes Baiquan County of Heilongjiang Province as the research area, including Baiquan Town, Ainong Township, Xingguo Town, Sandao Town, Longquan Town, Fengchun Township. Changchun Town and other 16 townships. Based on the connotation of land use change and its ecological effects, based on the theory of sustainable development, system theory, human-land relationship theory and ecological economic theory, according to 1992. In 2002 and 2012, RS and GIS were used as the main technical means to obtain land use data at three time points. Land use dynamic model was adopted. Land use transfer matrix and other methods, qualitative and quantitative analysis and reveal the law of change, land use change as a starting point. The ecological contribution rate of regional land use transformation type was analyzed by using the regional eco-environment index and the model. Quantitative analysis and evaluation of ecological effects of land use change, quantitative study of ecological effects caused by land use change and their zoning, provide theoretical basis for future ecological construction and regional society. The sustainable development of economy and environment and the construction of ecological security pattern of land use have certain guiding significance. The results show that the change of land use in Baiquan County is in the general trend of "four increases and two decreases". Cultivated land and other land use are reduced to varying degrees, grassland, woodland, water area and construction land are increased; The change of forest land is the most obvious in the dynamic degree of land use in Baiquan County. From the aspect of comprehensive index of land use, Baiquan County is in the recession or adjustment period, and the regional ecological environment index is on the rise as a whole. From 1992 to 2002, there were two opposite trends of deterioration and improvement in each township, which existed in a certain degree. According to fuzzy cluster analysis. The regional ecological environment index of Baiquan County is divided into five regions: high value area, higher value area, general gone area, low value area and low value area. The change from low ecological quality index to high ecological quality index land use type can effectively improve ecological environment; On the contrary, it plays an important role in the deterioration of regional ecological environment. The change of land use type affects the quality of regional ecological environment. In the total amount and structure of farmland, woodland and other land use, the regional ecological environment index of Baiquan County is greatly affected by the changes of its internal structure, while the total amount of arable land and forest land has a small impact on it. Among exogenous variables such as economic development, population, policy and economic development are the main influencing factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X826;F301.2

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