本文關(guān)鍵詞：遼河口葦田水體污染的濕地植物—多孔介質(zhì)聯(lián)合凈化技術(shù)研究　出處：《中國海洋大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 遼河口 葦田 養(yǎng)殖 煤渣—沸石復合多孔介質(zhì)材料 生物膜

【摘要】：遼河河口地區(qū)具有豐富的濕地資源,為達到葦田濕地的多級利用,葦田養(yǎng)殖業(yè)近年來得到了快速發(fā)展。葦田養(yǎng)殖是在蘆葦濕地中構(gòu)建田間工程,同時進行魚、蟹養(yǎng)殖和蘆葦種植的一水多收的生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖經(jīng)濟模式。然而隨著葦田養(yǎng)殖業(yè)整體上向著集約化、高密度、高產(chǎn)出的模式發(fā)展,常年過度放養(yǎng)使得葦田水體中氨氮、CODG含量超標,污染物質(zhì)不斷積累對葦田濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及濱海環(huán)境帶來一定影響。與傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)殖明顯不同,葦田養(yǎng)殖以蘆葦高產(chǎn)模式進行,總體上表現(xiàn)為需水量很大,但又隨著季節(jié)變化對水量的要求有所不同,且間歇性排水,在魚、蟹捕撈和蘆葦收割后,葦田多呈現(xiàn)無水狀態(tài),傳統(tǒng)處理技術(shù)對葦田養(yǎng)殖水體并不具有適用性。本文根據(jù)葦田養(yǎng)殖的自身特點以及污染特征,研制了煤渣—沸石復合多孔介質(zhì)材料,研究了其吸附能力和熱再生性能,以及生物掛膜特性,并將其作為硬質(zhì)填料與蘆葦濕地結(jié)合起來構(gòu)建聯(lián)合凈化系統(tǒng),以氨氮、CODG、TP為評價指標研究其對模擬葦田養(yǎng)殖水體的凈化效果,為該技術(shù)在葦田水體中的應用進行先期性探索并提供一些可供參考的技術(shù)參數(shù)。研究結(jié)果如下：(1)確定了煤渣—沸石復合多孔介質(zhì)材料的制備方法,以煤渣、沸石2：1的質(zhì)量配比為原料,可以有效結(jié)合煤渣和沸石的優(yōu)勢,其對氨氮和CODG的最大去除效率可分別達到57.2%和51.2%。掃描電鏡圖片清晰地呈現(xiàn)出了該材料表面大量的孔道結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)通過運用動力學方程、顆粒內(nèi)擴散方程對實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行擬合分析,煤潭—沸石復合多孔介質(zhì)材料對水樣中氨氮和CODG的吸附過程對準二級動力學方程具有更好的符合度,該吸附過程為化學吸附,且吸附過程均較為復雜,受到內(nèi)擴散和邊界擴散的影響；運用Freundlich等溫方程和Langmuir等溫方程對等溫吸附過程進行分析,該過程符合Langmuir等溫方程,氨氮和CODG在該材料表面主要發(fā)生的是單分子層吸附。由Langmuir等溫方程擬合出的氨氮和CODG的最大吸附量分別為0.1798mg/g、0.9804mg/g;以標準再吸附實驗法評價煤渣—沸石多孔介質(zhì)材料的再生性能,確定了最佳的再生條件為170℃、4h,對氨氮和CODG的再生率分別為73.55%、50.42%,且在污染物濃度較低的情況下,依然具有一定的吸附能力。(3)以校園景觀河水為水源、以河水中豐富的微生物菌群為微生物種源,在自然條件下進行生物膜培養(yǎng)。由于到河水中基質(zhì)濃度較低,且在自然條件下進行,生物膜培養(yǎng)的時間較長,為30天,且材料表面的生物膜較薄。微生物鏡檢發(fā)現(xiàn),生物膜中的優(yōu)勢后生動物有輪蟲、鐘蟲、楣纖蟲、肉足蟲、指鰓尾盤蚓等,生物膜的掃描電鏡圖片顯示菌類主要以桿菌和球菌為主。(4)將經(jīng)生物膜培養(yǎng)的煤渣—沸石復合多孔介質(zhì)材料與蘆葦濕地結(jié)合起來構(gòu)建的聯(lián)合凈化系統(tǒng),10L/h時的氨氮、CODG、TP的平均去除效率最大,分別為50.4%、44.3%、31.9%。當污染物進水濃度較大時,該聯(lián)合凈化系統(tǒng)對氨氮、CODG、TP的去除率較大,但是受進水濃度波動的影響出水中污染物的濃度也呈現(xiàn)出較大的變化。在進水流量為10、20、40、80L/h條件下,蘆葦濕地及多孔介質(zhì)填料對進水中的污染物質(zhì)均有一定的去除作用,但隨著流量的增大各污染物質(zhì)的平均去除效率呈下降的趨勢。此外,通過8、9月份的兩次實驗,驗證了該聯(lián)合凈化系統(tǒng)對微污染水體中的氨氮、CODG、TP去除具有一定的穩(wěn)定性,但由于微污染水體中的有機物質(zhì)含量較低,多孔介質(zhì)填料的生物膜較薄,對有機物的去除率并不是太高。
[Abstract]:Liaohe estuary area has rich wetland resources, multi-level utilization reaches reed wetland, reed aquaculture industry has been developing rapidly in recent years. Reed breeding is to construct field works in reed wetland, and fish, a water crab breeding and reed planting overcharged ecological farming economy. But with the reed the whole industry towards intensive mode of development, high density, high-yield, perennial over stocking makes ammonia reed in water, CODG content exceed the standard, pollutant accumulation of a certain impact on the ecological system of wetland reed field and coastal environment. Different from the traditional culture, the culture of reed reed in the high yield model, overall on the performance of water demand, but also with the seasonal change of water is different, and intermittent drainage, in fish, crab fishing and reed harvesting, reed showed no water condition, the traditional office Science and technology is not applicable to reed aquaculture water. According to their own characteristics and pollution characteristics of reed breeding, development of cinder - zeolite composite porous material, studied its adsorption capacity and regeneration performance, and biofilm formation characteristics, and make it as hard filler and reed wetland combined construction joint purification system with ammonia nitrogen, CODG, TP in order to study the purification effect of simulated reed aquaculture water evaluation index, this technique is used in the reed field water in the early exploration and provide some reference for the technical parameters. The results are as follows: (1) to determine the composite porous material - zeolite cinder the preparation methods of coal cinder, the mass ratio of 2:1 zeolite as raw material, can effectively combine the advantages of cinder and zeolite, the removal efficiency of ammonia and CODG can reach 57.2% and 51.2 respectively. The scanning electron Mirror images clearly show the pore structure of the material surface a lot. (2) by using the kinetic equations, the equation to fit the experimental data of particle diffusion in coal, Tan - adsorption process of zeolite composite porous material of ammonia and CODG in water samples at the two level dynamic equation with the better. The adsorption process of chemical adsorption, and the adsorption process is complex, affected by internal diffusion and boundary diffusion; using Freundlich isotherm equation and Langmuir isotherm equation to analyze the adsorption isothermal process, the process accords with Langmuir isothermal equation, ammonia nitrogen and CODG in the surface of the material is mainly composed of single molecular layer adsorption. The maximum adsorption of Langmuir isothermal equation fitting out ammonia and CODG were 0.1798mg/g, 0.9804mg/g; standard re adsorption regeneration experiment method to evaluate coal - zeolite porous material The performance, to determine the optimum conditions of regeneration is 170 DEG C, 4h, regeneration of ammonia and CODG rates were 73.55%, 50.42%, and the pollutant concentration is low, still has certain adsorption capacity. (3) to the campus landscape river as a water source, the microbial bacteria rich microbial group the source of water, biofilm cultivation under natural conditions. Due to the low substrate concentration, and under natural conditions, the biofilm culturing time longer, for 30 days, and the biofilm surface is thin. The biological microscopy found in biological membranes have advantages of metazoan rotifers, bell worm, Mei pellionella, amoebae, gill refers to the late earthworm, SEM images of the biofilm display fungus mainly bacillus and coccus. (4) the biofilm cultivation of cinder - zeolite composite porous materials and combined joint reed wetland purification system to build, 1 0L/h CODG, ammonia nitrogen, average TP removal efficiency were 50.4%, 44.3%, 31.9%., when the influent concentration of pollutants is large, the purification system of ammonia, CODG, TP removal rate is larger, but affected by fluctuations in the concentration of the influent concentration of pollutants is also showing great changes in the water. Flow rate is 10,20,40,80L/h under the condition of reed wetland and porous medium filling a certain effect on the removal of pollutants in the influent were, but along with the increase of flow rate of each pollutant removal efficiency decreased. In addition, through two experiments 8,9 month, the validation of the combined purification system CODG of ammonia nitrogen in water micro pollution, TP removal has certain stability, but due to the micro organic pollutants in water is low, porous biofilm packing is thinner, the removal rate of organic matter is not too high.

【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52

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