本文關(guān)鍵詞：盤(pán)錦市機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)污染現(xiàn)狀評(píng)價(jià)、預(yù)測(cè)及防治對(duì)策研究　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)污染 評(píng)價(jià) 預(yù)測(cè)及防治對(duì)策

【摘要】：機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)已經(jīng)融入到市民的生活,但高速增加的機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)保有量,給城市帶來(lái)了能源緊張、城市擁堵、出行困難和交通事故頻發(fā)等一系列問(wèn)題。尾氣更是對(duì)城市空氣環(huán)境造成了極大的破壞,影響著市民的健康,制約城市的良性發(fā)展。本論文以盤(pán)錦市為例,研究了機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)保有量的增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),通過(guò)對(duì)2012年盤(pán)錦市機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)污染物的計(jì)算及排放特點(diǎn)分析,闡述了盤(pán)錦市機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)污染防治現(xiàn)行政策和采取措施,并對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)排氣污染控制存在的主要問(wèn)題提出了建議。機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)尾氣中存在一氧化碳(CO)、碳?xì)浠衔?HC)、氮氧化物(NOx)、固體懸浮顆粒物(PM)和鉛化合物等有害成分。文中對(duì)幾種危害物的主要理化性質(zhì)、傷害機(jī)理以及對(duì)人體的危害方面做了說(shuō)明。同時(shí)列舉了國(guó)內(nèi)外機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)排氣污染危害事例,針對(duì)我國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)尾氣排放情況進(jìn)行了分析,指出全國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)污染物排放量現(xiàn)狀以及機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)污染物排放量變化趨勢(shì)。通過(guò)對(duì)盤(pán)錦市環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量的分析、機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)保有量現(xiàn)狀和近幾年經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的分析,得出機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)保有量增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)。按《城市機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)排放空氣污染物測(cè)算方法》,以2012年盤(pán)錦市機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)污染物排放為例,通過(guò)確定排放因子及排污系數(shù)、機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)構(gòu)成、年均行駛里程、年均排放系數(shù)、各種排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)車(chē)輛數(shù)量,核算出2012年盤(pán)錦市機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)污染物排放總量,找出排放特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律,進(jìn)而提出機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)減排的重點(diǎn)。敘述了盤(pán)錦市機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)污染防治現(xiàn)行政策和采用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法、機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)尾氣檢測(cè)線現(xiàn)狀。提出了機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)排氣污染控制存在的主要問(wèn)題與建議。問(wèn)題主要有：現(xiàn)有的機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)排氣污染管理工作的法律法規(guī)建設(shè)滯后,現(xiàn)有管理體制使得從新車(chē)生產(chǎn)源頭控制機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)排氣污染形同虛設(shè),機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)排氣污染控制協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制不健全,機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)保有量高速增長(zhǎng)使機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)減排面臨著巨大的壓力,機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)維修治理行業(yè)不能滿足需求,對(duì)機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)油品缺乏有效監(jiān)督,行業(yè)監(jiān)管能力建設(shè)滯后等。對(duì)策和建議是：加強(qiáng)機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)排氣污染防治法規(guī)建設(shè),改變現(xiàn)有體制加強(qiáng)對(duì)新車(chē)型式核準(zhǔn)和生產(chǎn)一致性檢查,全面普及簡(jiǎn)易工況法尾氣檢測(cè)線建設(shè),完善機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)環(huán)保檢驗(yàn)與維修(I/M)制度,實(shí)施在用機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)環(huán)保標(biāo)志分類(lèi)管理,逐步淘汰高排放車(chē)輛和黃標(biāo)車(chē),扶持維修企業(yè)、治理維修亂象,加強(qiáng)對(duì)油品的監(jiān)管、提高燃油質(zhì)量,加強(qiáng)機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)污染防治監(jiān)管能力建設(shè),開(kāi)發(fā)利用多種燃料的新型汽車(chē)等。
[Abstract]:Motor vehicles have been integrated into the lives of citizens, but the increasing number of motor vehicles has brought a series of problems, such as energy shortage, urban congestion, travel difficulties and frequent traffic accidents. The tail gas has caused great damage to the urban air environment, which affects the health of the citizens and restricts the healthy development of the city. This paper takes Panjin city as an example, studies the vehicle volume growth trend, through calculation and emission characteristics of 2012 Panjin motor vehicle pollutants analysis, elaborated the Panjin motor vehicle pollution control policy and measures, and puts forward some suggestions on the main problems existing in China's motor vehicle exhaust pollution control. There are harmful components such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), solid suspended particles (PM) and lead compounds in motor vehicle exhaust. The main physical and chemical properties, the damage mechanism and the harm to the human body are explained in this paper. At the same time, we give examples of vehicle exhaust pollution at home and abroad, and analyze the situation of vehicle exhaust emissions in China, and point out the current situation of vehicle emission and the trend of vehicle emission in China. Based on the analysis of the ambient air quality in Panjin, the status of motor vehicles and the trend of economic development in recent years, the prediction of the growth trend of motor vehicle ownership is obtained. According to the "City motor vehicle air pollutant emissions calculation method", the motor vehicle emissions in 2012 in Panjin city as an example, through the determination of emission factors and emission coefficient, vehicle structure, the average annual mileage, the annual emission coefficient and emission standard number of vehicles, accounting for the total emissions of pollutants in Panjin city in 2012 to find out the characteristics and laws of motor vehicle emissions, and put forward the key of the motor vehicle emission reduction. The current policy of prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution in Panjin, the standard method adopted and the current status of vehicle exhaust detection line are described. The main problems and suggestions for the control of motor vehicle exhaust pollution are put forward. The main problems are: the lagging of existing vehicle exhaust pollution management laws and regulations, the existing management system of the new production from the source control of vehicle exhaust pollution useless, motor vehicle exhaust pollution control coordination mechanism is not perfect, the amount of vehicle speed increase the motor vehicle emission reduction under huge pressure, motor vehicle maintenance management industry can not meet the demand. The lack of effective supervision of motor oil industry, regulatory capacity building lag. Countermeasures and suggestions: strengthen the construction of motor vehicle exhaust pollution prevention and control regulations, change the existing system to strengthen the new type approval and production consistency check, construction of universal exhaust BASM detection line, improve vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) system, the implementation of motor vehicles in use of environmental management, the phasing out high emission vehicles and yellow car, support, maintenance maintenance enterprise governance chaos, to strengthen supervision and improve the quality of fuel oil, strengthen motor vehicle pollution control and supervision ability construction, development and utilization of new cars of various fuel etc..
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X734.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王多龍;;大氣污染原因分析及治理辦法[J];資源節(jié)約與環(huán)保;2015年08期

2 沈勁;鐘流舉;葉斯琪;陳多宏;江明;謝敏;溫麗蓉;張瑩;岳玎利;;珠三角干濕季大氣污染特性[J];中國(guó)科技論文;2015年15期

3 郭麗媛;李偉;;“十一五”期間太原市環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量及影響因素分析研究[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與管理;2014年11期

4 黃曉鋒;云慧;宮照恒;李響;何凌燕;張遠(yuǎn)航;胡敏;;深圳大氣PM_(2.5)來(lái)源解析與二次有機(jī)氣溶膠估算[J];中國(guó)科學(xué):地球科學(xué);2014年04期

5 王若素;肖寒;白濤;王燕軍;錢(qián)立運(yùn);;全國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)保有量——《2013年中國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)污染防治年報(bào)》(第Ⅰ部分)[J];環(huán)境與可持續(xù)發(fā)展;2014年01期

6 張宇青;易中懿;周應(yīng)恒;;我國(guó)主要城市大氣污染與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)關(guān)聯(lián)分析——基于靜態(tài)與動(dòng)態(tài)面板數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)證[J];江西社會(huì)科學(xué);2013年06期

7 陳德明;;淺談汽車(chē)維修診斷與常見(jiàn)故障分析[J];黑龍江科技信息;2012年27期

8 劉國(guó)豐;李鋒;;汽車(chē)檢測(cè)與診斷技術(shù)淺析[J];民營(yíng)科技;2012年09期

9 吳丹;葉春民;;減少尾氣污染 改善空氣環(huán)境——長(zhǎng)春市機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)污染防治的實(shí)踐[J];環(huán)境保護(hù);2011年19期

10 李琳;;汽車(chē)尾氣污染與四種最新控制方法的介紹[J];科技信息;2010年30期

，

本文編號(hào)：1346428