本文關(guān)鍵詞：草藻殘體分解過程及其對水質(zhì)的影響　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 水生植物 藍(lán)藻水華 分解 水質(zhì)

【摘要】：水生植物主要包括水生高等植物(水草)及藻類等,其殘體分解是湖泊生態(tài)系統(tǒng)物質(zhì)循環(huán)的重要過程,不僅影響湖泊水環(huán)境質(zhì)量,同時也會影響湖泊生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定。因此,研究草藻殘體分解過程及其對水質(zhì)的影響具有重要的理論和實踐意義。通過室內(nèi)模擬實驗,研究探討了蘆葦(Phragmites australis)、馬來眼子菜(Potamogeton malainus)、荇菜(Limnanthemun nymphoides)殘體及太湖水華藍(lán)藻藻漿混合分解過程,分析了分解過程對水質(zhì)的影響,主要結(jié)論如下：(1)荇菜、馬來眼子菜及蘆葦殘體分解速率差異顯著(P0.01)。荇菜分解最快,馬來眼子菜次之,挺水植物蘆葦分解最慢。三種水生高等植物的分解速率與初始磷含量顯著正相關(guān),與碳含量、碳/氮、碳/磷顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.05)。(2)水生高等植物的分解可分為快速分解和緩慢分解兩個明顯階段。蘆葦、馬來眼子菜和荇菜快速分解期分解速率分別達(dá)到0.051、0.046、0.123 d-1,緩慢分解期平均分解速率僅為0.001、0.009和0.016 d-1。三種植物殘體分解過程中C、N、P的累積系數(shù)小于100%,元素均發(fā)生凈釋放,其中P的釋放速度大于C、N。(3)水生高等植物殘體分解對水質(zhì)的影響表現(xiàn)出明顯的階段性。總氮、總磷在快速分解期迅速上升,蘆葦、馬來眼子菜和荇菜組的TN較初始值分別提高了216.0%、270.8%和210.3%,TP則達(dá)到了0.14、0.31和0.30 mg.L-1。緩慢分解期,營養(yǎng)鹽濃度明顯下降,實驗后期略高于對照組。(4)相同生物量的不同水生高等植物殘體分解對水質(zhì)的影響有差異性。荇菜組的pH、DO低于其他實驗組,TN在前8天最低,實驗后期最高。馬來眼子菜組TN、TP、NH4+-N、NO3--N在前8天高于其他組。蘆葦組TP最低,實驗?zāi)┢?4+-N、NO3--N高于其他組。一定的植物殘體介入可加強(qiáng)水體的反硝化作用,有助于水體氮素的去除,實驗結(jié)束時,各處理組4+-N、NO3--N和NO2--N均顯著低于對照組。(5)蘆葦和藍(lán)藻藻漿混合分解會引起水體黑臭現(xiàn)象,pH, DO迅速降低,分解在厭氧條件下進(jìn)行,整個過程伴隨著刺鼻的惡臭味。蘆葦和藍(lán)藻藻漿混合分解分解對水質(zhì)的影響表現(xiàn)出明顯的階段性。0-8天,藍(lán)藻和蘆葦會迅速分解向水體釋放C、N、P,第8天水體TDN、TDP、TOC均達(dá)到最大值,分別可達(dá)41.88、0.63、294.82 mg·L1,8-64天TDN、TDP、TOC整體呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢。(6)蘆葦和藍(lán)藻藻漿混合分解過程中,水體中的NH4+-N濃度在0-32天保持較高水平,實驗組最高濃度可達(dá)15.6、36.72、41.30 mg·L-132-64天呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢。NH4+-N在無機(jī)氮中占有絕對優(yōu)勢,所占比例大于90%。另外,低溶氧加.劇了反硝化作用,整個過程中,NO3--N和NO2--N都保持較低的濃度。
[Abstract]:Aquatic plants mainly consist of aquatic higher plants (aquatic plants) and algae. The decomposition of residues is an important process of material cycling in the lake ecosystem. It not only affects the quality of lakes' water environment, but also affects the stability of the lake ecosystem. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the decomposition process of the residue of grass algae and its effect on water quality. Through indoor simulation experiment, study the reed (Phragmites australis), p.malaianus (Potamogeton malainus) (Limnanthemun Nymphoides), Nymphoides residues and Taihu lake algae slurry mixed decomposition process, analyzes the influence of the decomposition process of water quality, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) Nymphoides, p.malaianus and reed residue body decomposition rate was significantly different (P0.01). The decomposition of the fastest, p.malaianus of aquatic plant reed is the slowest. The decomposition rate of three kinds of aquatic higher plants was positively correlated with the initial phosphorus content, and was negatively correlated with carbon content, carbon / nitrogen, carbon / phosphorus (P0.05). (2) the decomposition of aquatic higher plants can be divided into two distinct stages: rapid decomposition and slow decomposition. Fast decomposition period of reed, p.malaianus and Nymphoides decomposition rate were respectively 0.051, 0.046 and 0.123 D-1, the average period of slow decomposition the decomposition rate is only 0.001, 0.009 and 0.016 d-1. The cumulative coefficient of C, N and P is less than 100% during the decomposition of the three plant residues, and the elements all have net release, and the release rate of P is greater than that of C and N. (3) the effects of the decomposition of the aquatic higher plants on the water quality showed a distinct stage. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the rapid decomposition period rose rapidly, reed, p.malaianus and Nymphoides group TN compared with the initial value were increased by 216%, 270.8% and 210.3%, TP reached 0.14, 0.31 and 0.30 mg.L-1. In the slow decomposition period, the concentration of nutrients decreased significantly, and the late experiment was slightly higher than that of the control group. (4) the effects of the decomposition of different aquatic higher plants on the water quality of the same biomass are different. The group of pH, DO was lower than that of the other experimental group, TN 8 days before the lowest, highest at the end of the experiment. P.malaianus group TN, TP, NH4+-N, NO3--N in the first 8 days was higher than other groups. In the reed group, the TP was the lowest. At the end of the experiment, 4+-N and NO3--N were higher than those in the other groups. A certain plant residue intervention can enhance denitrification of water body and contribute to nitrogen removal. At the end of the experiment, the 4+-N, NO3--N and NO2--N of each treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group. (5) the decomposition of reed and cyanobacteria algae will cause the black and odour phenomenon of water body. PH and DO will decrease rapidly and decompose under anaerobic conditions. The whole process will be accompanied by pungent odor. The effects of the mixed decomposition and decomposition of reed and cyanobacteria on water quality showed obvious stages. On the 0-8 day, cyanobacteria and reeds quickly decompose to release C, N and P to the water body. On the eighth day, TDN, TDP and TOC reach the maximum value, reaching 41.88, 0.63, 294.82 mg / L1,8-64, respectively. TDN, TDP and TOC all show a decreasing trend. (6) the concentration of NH4+-N in the water body maintained a high level on the 0-32 day after mixing decomposition of reed and cyanobacteria. The highest concentration of the experimental group reached 15.6, 36.72, 41.30 mg / L-132-64. NH4+-N occupies an absolute advantage in inorganic nitrogen, the proportion of which is more than 90%. In addition, low dissolved oxygen added to denitrification. During the whole process, both NO3--N and NO2--N kept a lower concentration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X173;X143

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