發(fā)布時間：2017-12-27 15:23

  本文關鍵詞：土壤中多環(huán)芳烴的遷移轉化規(guī)律及其對植物生長的影響　出處：《西安建筑科技大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 多環(huán)芳烴 土壤 遷移轉化 植物生長

【摘要】：多環(huán)芳烴是一類普遍存在于環(huán)境中的、難降解的危險性有機污染物,由于其“三致”效應受到各國政府和科學研究領域的廣泛關注。不論是大氣、水體還是土壤環(huán)境中都普遍存在著多環(huán)芳烴并且其含量有著日益上升的趨勢。多環(huán)芳烴能夠通過多種途徑對環(huán)境和人類的健康構成嚴重威脅,因此研究土壤中多環(huán)芳烴的遷移轉化規(guī)律及其對植物生長的影響,對進一步了解植物對土壤的修復機制與農產品的安全生產具有理論與實際意義。本文以小白菜和小麥為農作物的代表,以萘、菲、芘三種典型的多環(huán)芳烴為代表污染物,系統(tǒng)探討了多環(huán)芳烴在土壤中的遷移行為和植物與土壤中PAHs之間的相互作用,主要研究結果如下:1.以萘、菲、芘為代表污染物,分析研究了其在土壤中隨時間推移而不斷變化的行為,對比分析了三種污染物在土壤中隨時間變化的特征。結果表明,隨著時間的推移,三種污染物在土壤中的殘留濃度均不斷降低,且隨著PAHs苯環(huán)數(shù)的增加,其殘留濃度最終呈現(xiàn)出萘菲芘的趨勢。土壤中多環(huán)芳烴的去除途徑主要有揮發(fā)、光解、微生物降解和其他流失,其中微生物降解和其他流失占主導作用,能達到50%左右;揮發(fā)和光解造成的流失不到10%,萘和菲的揮發(fā)、光解和微生物降解都較芘容易。2.以小麥為供試植物,研究了植物對土壤中萘、菲、芘殘留行為的影響。結果表明,小麥的種植對土壤中低環(huán)PAHs的減少具有促進作用,30 d后,種植小麥的土壤中萘、菲、芘的平均殘留濃度比無植物對照組低9.75%、8.77%、9.96%,比無植物滅菌對照低8.88%、16.1%、16.14%。以小白菜為供試植物,研究了土壤中多環(huán)芳烴在植物體內的積累方式。結果表明,小白菜對土壤中低環(huán)PAHs具有一定的富集能力,且地下部分對萘、菲、芘的積累量遠遠大于地上部分。3.以小白菜和小麥為供試植物,研究了土壤中不同起始濃度的PAHs對植物生長的影響。結果表明,萘、菲、芘對小白菜種子的萌發(fā)和幼苗的生長都具有明顯的抑制作用,受污染的土壤中小白菜的發(fā)芽率和生物量顯著低于無污染對照組,且隨著起始污染濃度的增大其發(fā)芽率明顯降低,生物量明顯減少。但對于小麥卻有所不同,當污染物平均濃度為0~100 mg/kg時,對小麥的萌發(fā)具有一定的促進作用,當污染物平均濃度超過100 mg/kg時,則表現(xiàn)為抑制作用。小白菜根部和莖葉部分的PPO和POD活性均隨菲和芘處理濃度的升高而呈現(xiàn)出先升高后降低的趨勢,菲或芘處理的土壤中,小白菜根部PPO和POD活性都大于莖葉部分。
[Abstract]:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of hazardous organic pollutants which are ubiquitous in the environment and are difficult to degrade. Due to their "three effects", they are widely concerned by governments and scientific research fields. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are common in the atmosphere, water and soil environment, and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is increasing. PAHs can pose a serious threat to the environment and human health through a variety of ways, so the study of migration and transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and its effects on plant growth, to further understand the safety of plant to soil remediation mechanism and agricultural products is of great theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, Chinese cabbage and wheat crops, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene in three typical PAHs as representative pollutants, discusses the interaction between PAHs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and migration behavior in plants and soil, the main results are as follows: 1. using naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene as representative pollutants, are studied in the soil with time changing behavior, comparative analysis of the characteristics of three kinds of pollutants in the soil varies with time. The results showed that the residual concentrations of the three pollutants in the soil decreased with time, and the residual concentration finally showed a trend of naphthalene phenanthrene pyrene with the increase of PAHs benzene ring number. The removal pathways of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil are mainly volatilization, photolysis, biodegradation and other losses, including microbial degradation and other loss is dominant, can reach about 50%; and the loss caused by volatilization photolysis of less than 10%, naphthalene and phenanthrene volatilization, photolysis and microbial degradation of pyrene is easy. 2. the effects of plants on the residue of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene in soil were studied with wheat as the tested plants. The results showed that the cultivation of wheat promoted the reduction of low cyclic PAHs in soil. After 30 d, the residual concentration of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene in wheat soil was 9.75%, 8.77% and 9.96% lower than that in the control group without plant, which was 8.88%, 16.1% and 16.14% lower than those without plant sterilization. The accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil was studied with Chinese cabbage as a test plant. The results showed that Chinese cabbage has a certain enrichment ability to low ring PAHs in soil, and the accumulation of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene in the underground part is far greater than that in the upper part of the ground. 3. the effects of different initial concentrations of PAHs on plant growth were studied with Chinese cabbage and wheat as the tested plants. The results show that it has obvious inhibitory effect of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene on Cabbage Seed Germination and seedling growth, germination rate and biomass of Chinese cabbage and soil contaminated by pollution was significantly lower than that of control group, and with the increasing of initial concentration of pollution in the germination rate decreased significantly, biomass decreased significantly. But for wheat, it is different. When the average concentration of pollutants is 0~100 mg/kg, it has a certain effect on the germination of wheat. When the average concentration of pollutants is more than 100 mg/kg, it shows inhibition. The activities of PPO and POD in roots and stems and leaves increased with the increase of the concentration of phenanthrene and pyrene. The activities of PPO and POD in the roots of Chinese cabbage were greater than those in stems and leaves.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53

【相似文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 王小萍;姚檀棟;叢志遠;燕新梁;康世昌;張勇;;珠穆朗瑪峰地區(qū)土壤和植被中多環(huán)芳烴的含量及海拔梯度分布[J];科學通報;2006年21期

2 Staffan Lundstedt;Paul A.White;Christine L.Lemieux;Krista D.Lynes;Iain B.Lambert;Lars銉berg;Peter Haglund;Mats Tysklind;王麗平;;多環(huán)芳烴污染區(qū)域氧化多環(huán)芳烴的來源、遷移轉化和毒性危害[J];AMBIO-人類環(huán)境雜志;2007年06期

3 ;歐盟2010年正式限用多環(huán)芳烴[J];特種橡膠制品;2008年01期

4 劉廷鳳;陶丹丹;王磊;劉常志;顧陽;丁克強;;公路兩旁土壤中多環(huán)芳烴含量的測定[J];南京工程學院學報(自然科學版);2009年01期

5 于國光;張志恒;葉雪珠;孫彩霞;袁玉偉;楊桂玲;;杭州市郊區(qū)表層土壤中的多環(huán)芳烴[J];生態(tài)環(huán)境學報;2009年03期

6 ;北京大學城市與環(huán)境學院陶澍研究團隊定量分析了我國居民多環(huán)芳烴呼吸暴露風險[J];北京大學學報(自然科學版);2010年01期

7 王振;高云濤;劉曉海;;化工廠土壤多環(huán)芳烴分布特征及評價[J];環(huán)境科學導刊;2010年04期

8 劉增俊;滕應;黃標;李振高;駱永明;;長江三角洲典型地區(qū)農田土壤多環(huán)芳烴分布特征與源解析[J];土壤學報;2010年06期

9 于國光;葉雪珠;趙首萍;張永志;張棋;王鋼軍;;杭州市郊區(qū)表層土壤中多環(huán)芳烴的風險分析[J];生態(tài)環(huán)境學報;2011年05期

10 ;布達佩斯城市地區(qū)空氣中的多環(huán)芳烴[J];國外醫(yī)學參考資料(衛(wèi)生學分冊);1977年01期

相關會議論文 前10條

1 于國光;張志恒;葉雪珠;袁玉偉;孫彩霞;楊桂玲;;杭州市郊區(qū)表層土壤中多環(huán)芳烴的風險分析[A];中國環(huán)境科學學會2009年學術年會論文集（第二卷）[C];2009年

2 杭維琦;薛光璞;;南京市環(huán)境空氣中多環(huán)芳烴的污染特征[A];中國環(huán)境保護優(yōu)秀論文集（2005）（下冊）[C];2005年

3 魏垠;高銘徽;郭良宏;;化學發(fā)光免疫分析法測定多環(huán)芳烴及環(huán)境內分泌干擾物[A];中國化學會第二十五屆學術年會論文摘要集（上冊）[C];2006年

4 秦寧;朱櫻;徐福留;;白洋淀大氣多環(huán)芳烴的污染特征與沉降通量[A];持久性有機污染物論壇2009暨第四屆持久性有機污染物全國學術研討會論文集[C];2009年

5 陶澍;;從多環(huán)芳烴的排放、遷移與暴露說起[A];新觀點新學說學術沙龍文集9：環(huán)境污染與人體健康[C];2007年

6 馬靜;Yuichi Horii;程金平;王文華;Kurunthachalam Kannan;;電子電器廢棄物拆解地區(qū)中氯代多環(huán)芳烴的研究[A];第五屆全國環(huán)境化學大會摘要集[C];2009年

7 劉金泉;吳明松;王麗;黃君禮;;二氧化氯對多環(huán)芳烴污染物的去除效果[A];二氧化氯研究與應用--2010二氧化氯與水處理技術研討會論文集[C];2010年

8 劉艷;張經華;林金明;;多環(huán)芳烴檢測技術研究進展[A];2010中國環(huán)境科學學會學術年會論文集(第四卷)[C];2010年

9 胡健;張國平;劉，

本文編號：1342260