【摘要】：碳納米管（CNTs）獨特的結構使其擁有優(yōu)良的力學、電學、熱學性能，其作為增強填料應用于聚合物納米復合材料領域具有廣闊的前景。以碳納米管為填充劑，增強高聚物納米復合材料的阻燃特性已成為研究的熱點。由于對碳納米管在聚合物納米復合材料阻燃方面的研究相對較晚一些，其在不同火災場景下的阻燃特性和阻燃機理仍不明確。 本文采用原位聚合法，利用多壁碳納米管（MWNT）與甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）混合液，制備PMMA/MWNT納米復合材料，研究了如何提高MWNT在MMA單體中的分散性，以及合成PMMA和MWNT/PMMA復合材料的影響因素。利用熱失重分析儀研究復合材料的熱穩(wěn)定性。采用錐形量熱儀研究復合材料的燃燒特性，測試材料在不同輻射熱通量下的熱釋放速率、引燃時間、CO生產率以及CO2生產率。利用水平垂直燃燒儀研究了復合材料火焰?zhèn)鞑ニ俣群妥枞嫉燃墶?研究結果表明，超聲波和機械攪拌同時作用，并輔以一定量的表面活性劑，更有利于MWNT的分散。影響純PMMA合成的主要因素有引發(fā)劑含量、預聚合時間和溫度、聚合反應的溫度；碳納米管的添加，，改變了復合材料的預聚時間和聚合溫度。MWNT的添加并沒有顯著提高復合材料的熱穩(wěn)定性；添加1wt%的MWNT時，復合材料的熱釋放速率峰值降低的最明顯，同時能較好的抑制燃燒過程中熔滴現(xiàn)象的產生；MWNT的添加并沒有增加CO的產量，但加快了CO2的生產率。依據(jù)材料燃燒實驗測試結果，推斷MWNT/PMMA復合材料是氣相阻燃和凝固相阻燃共同作用。
[Abstract]:Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties due to their unique structure. As reinforcements, CNTs have a broad prospect in the field of polymer nanocomposites. The flame retardancy of polymer nanocomposites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has become a hot topic. Because the flame retardancy of carbon nanotubes in polymer nanocomposites is relatively late, the flame retardancy and flame retardant mechanism of carbon nanotubes in different fire scenarios are still unclear. In this paper, PMMA/MWNT nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ polymerization with the mixture of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). The dispersion of MWNT in MMA monomer and the factors affecting the synthesis of PMMA and MWNT/PMMA composites were studied. The thermal stability of composites was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The combustion characteristics of composites were studied by cone calorimeter. The heat release rate, ignition time, CO productivity and CO2 productivity were measured under different radiant heat fluxes. The flame propagation velocity and flame retardant grade of composite materials were studied by horizontal and vertical combustion apparatus. The results show that ultrasonic wave and mechanical stirring act simultaneously with a certain amount of surfactant, which is more favorable to the dispersion of MWNT. The main factors affecting the synthesis of pure PMMA are initiator content, prepolymerization time and temperature, temperature of polymerization, addition of carbon nanotubes, The prepolymerization time and polymerization temperature of the composites were changed. The thermal stability of the composites was not significantly improved with the addition of MWNT, and the peak value of the thermal release rate of the composites decreased most obviously with the addition of 1wt% MWNT. The addition of MWNT did not increase the production of CO, but accelerated the productivity of CO2. According to the results of combustion test, it is inferred that MWNT/PMMA composite is the joint action of gas phase flame retardant and solidified phase flame retardant.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽航空航天大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ127.11

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