【摘要】：超音速旋流冷凝分離器作為一種新型天然氣凈化裝置,集低溫冷凝和旋流分離于一體,具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,投資費(fèi)用少,能耗較低和無(wú)污染等優(yōu)點(diǎn)；氣體在超音速段的最低壓力低于出口壓力,溫度低于在同一壓比下透平膨脹機(jī)所能達(dá)到的制冷溫度,等熵效率高。本文以降低壓力能量損失以及使其適用于低壓工況為目的,針對(duì)超音速冷凝旋流分離器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、含濕氣體在噴管內(nèi)的凝結(jié)特性和氣液兩相流動(dòng)以及提高裝置分離性能的方法進(jìn)行探索。論文的主要研究工作和結(jié)論如下：(1)基于一維變截面等熵流動(dòng)的理論知識(shí)和數(shù)值計(jì)算軟件,設(shè)計(jì)了一套適用于較低進(jìn)口壓力的超音速冷凝旋流分離器,確定了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和操作參數(shù)對(duì)裝置內(nèi)部流動(dòng)特性的影響,實(shí)現(xiàn)了進(jìn)口壓力為0.14 MPa時(shí),噴管擴(kuò)張段內(nèi)靜溫均在250 K以下,最低靜溫達(dá)到231 K,且整個(gè)裝置內(nèi)并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)強(qiáng)激波。(2)建立并驗(yàn)證了含濕氣體非平衡自發(fā)凝結(jié)流動(dòng)的歐拉雙流體模型,研究了操作參數(shù)和結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)含濕氣體凝結(jié)特性的影響。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)進(jìn)出口壓比為1.4,進(jìn)口溫度為300 K,進(jìn)口相對(duì)濕度為0.6,面積比為1.266時(shí),噴管內(nèi)液滴直徑達(dá)到最大值1.12μm,此時(shí)的成核率為7.5×1018m3/s。(3) 結(jié)合VOF模型建立和驗(yàn)證了超音速冷凝旋流分離器內(nèi)氣液兩相流動(dòng)過(guò)程的數(shù)值模型,研究了液膜與噴管內(nèi)超音速流動(dòng)之間的相互影響。研究結(jié)果表明,在高速氣流的剪切作用下,液膜的厚度沿噴管軸向逐漸變薄,液膜表面速度逐漸增大；同時(shí),液膜破壞了噴管內(nèi)的超音速流動(dòng)狀態(tài)。(4)設(shè)計(jì)并加工了一套超音速冷凝旋流分離裝置,搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),研究了實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置在不同操作參數(shù)和結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)下的分離性能。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,增大進(jìn)出口壓比和旋流器出口角,裝置分離效率先增大后降低。排液腔結(jié)構(gòu)形式和傾角對(duì)裝置的分離效率也有很大的影響,(α)型排液腔的分離性能明顯優(yōu)于(ｂ)型排液形式；隨著排液腔傾角的增大,裝置的分離效率逐漸降低。
[Abstract]:As a new type of natural gas purification device, supersonic cyclone condenser has the advantages of compact structure, low investment cost, low energy consumption and no pollution. The lowest pressure of the gas at supersonic speed is lower than the outlet pressure, and the temperature is lower than the refrigeration temperature of the turbine expander at the same pressure ratio, and the Isentropic efficiency is high. In order to reduce pressure energy loss and make it suitable for low pressure working conditions, the structure design of supersonic condensing cyclone separator is presented in this paper. The condensation characteristics of wet gas in the nozzle, the gas-liquid two-phase flow and the methods to improve the separation performance of the device were explored. The main research work and conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the theoretical knowledge of one-dimensional isentropic flow with variable cross-section and numerical calculation software, a supersonic condensing cyclone separator suitable for lower inlet pressure is designed. The influence of structure parameters and operation parameters on the flow characteristics of the device is determined. When the inlet pressure is 0. 14 MPa, the static temperature in the nozzle expansion section is below 250K. The minimum static temperature is 231K and there is no strong shock wave in the whole unit. (2) the Euler two-fluid model of non-equilibrium spontaneous condensation flow of moist gas is established and verified, and the effects of operation parameters and structural parameters on the condensation characteristics of wet gas are studied. The results show that when the inlet / outlet pressure ratio is 1.4, the inlet temperature is 300K, the import relative humidity is 0.6, the area ratio is 1.266, The maximum diameter of droplet in nozzle is 1.12 渭 m, and the nucleation rate is 7.5 脳 1018 m3 / s. (3) the numerical model of gas-liquid two-phase flow in supersonic condensing cyclone separator is established and verified with VOF model. The interaction between liquid film and supersonic flow in nozzle is studied. The results show that the thickness of liquid film becomes thinner along the axial direction of nozzle and the surface velocity of liquid film increases gradually under the shear action of high velocity airflow. The liquid film destroys the supersonic flow state in the nozzle. (4) A supersonic condensing cyclone separation device is designed and manufactured. The experimental platform is built and the separation performance of the experimental device under different operating and structural parameters is studied. The experimental results show that the separation efficiency increases first and then decreases with increasing the inlet / outlet pressure ratio and the outlet angle of the hydrocyclone. (a) the separation performance of the (偽) type cavity is obviously better than that of the (b) type, and the separation efficiency decreases gradually with the increase of the inclined angle of the outlet cavity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TQ051.8

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