本文選題：蔗糖 + 活性炭　； 參考：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著世界社會經濟的快速發(fā)展,化石能源等不可再生資源消耗日益嚴重,環(huán)境污染問題不斷加劇,極大地限制了經濟的發(fā)展和人民生活質量的提高。為此,科學家一直尋求新的可替代綠色能源來應對當今的能源短缺及環(huán)境污染問題。其中,超級電容器作為一種高效、快速、綠色安全的儲能元件,近年來被廣泛研究。在超級電容器電極材料研究領域,碳材料具有高的比表面積、導電性良好、制備工藝簡單、微觀結構可控、形式多樣等優(yōu)點,可以用來制備高性能的電極材料。碳電極材料是一種應用廣泛的雙電層電極材料,其中以蔗糖為碳源,利用化學活化法及原位生長法制備得到高性能碳電極材料的研究還很少。本論文中,分別采用一步法活化、兩步法活化、原位生長法等不同合成方法制備得到碳電極材料,利用多種測試方法對材料進行表征分析,并比較不同的化學活化試劑、不同炭化溫度、時間、浸漬比例等條件對電極材料微觀結構及電化學性能的影響。主要研究成果如下:1.直接采用一步法H3PO4化學活化的方法,利用蔗糖制備出高性能的活性炭,通過一系列微觀表征與性能測試,研究了活化條件對活性炭形貌、微觀結構和電化學性能的影響,得出最佳活化條件:活化溫度500℃,活化時間1 h,浸漬比例5:1(g/g),活性炭的比表面積為1188 m2 g-1,孔容為0.89 cm3 g-1,比電容達到159.4 F g-1。2.采用KOH高溫常壓煅燒化學活化的方法對H3PO4活化法制備的活性炭表面進一步造孔與修飾,得到電化學性能更高的活性炭。通過一系列微觀表征與性能測試,研究了活化條件對活性炭形貌、微觀結構及電化學性能的影響,得出最佳活化條件:活化溫度800℃,活化時間1 h,浸漬比例6:1(g/g),活性炭的比表面積為3020 m2 g-1,孔容為2.38 cm3 g-1,比電容達到240.8 F g-1。3.以蔗糖為原料,采用高溫高壓水熱炭化的方法將球形水熱炭原位自生長在泡沫鎳表面,制備得到了一種無膠黏劑的高性能電極材料。不使用膠黏劑會極大地促進電子與離子在電極中的快速傳輸,減小活性材料與金屬集流體之間的接觸電阻。通過一系列微觀表征與性能測試,研究了不同水熱溫度、水熱時間、投料量等條件對活性炭形貌、微觀結構及電化學性能的影響,得出最佳反應條件:水熱溫度180℃,水熱時間16 h,蔗糖加入量7.5 g,復合電極材料比電容達到296F g-1。綜上,本論文利用不同的合成方法制備了蔗糖基的碳電極材料,并對材料孔結構性質及電化學性能進行了細致的研究。結果表明蔗糖基碳電極材料制備過程簡單、結構可控、電容性能優(yōu)良,可作為超級電容器電極材料應用在能量儲存領域。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the world economy, the consumption of non-renewable resources such as fossil energy is becoming more and more serious, and the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, which greatly limits the development of economy and the improvement of people's quality of life. For this reason, scientists have been looking for new alternatives to green energy to deal with today's energy shortages and environmental pollution. Supercapacitors, as an efficient, fast and green energy storage component, have been widely studied in recent years. In the field of electrode materials for supercapacitors, carbon materials have the advantages of high specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, simple preparation process, controllable microstructure, various forms and so on, which can be used to prepare high performance electrode materials. Carbon electrode material is a kind of widely used double-layer electrode material, in which sucrose is used as carbon source and high performance carbon electrode material is prepared by chemical activation method and in situ growth method. In this paper, carbon electrode materials were prepared by one-step activation, two-step activation, in-situ growth, and so on. The materials were characterized and analyzed by a variety of test methods, and different chemical activation reagents were compared. The effects of carbonization temperature, time and impregnation ratio on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of electrode materials were investigated. The main research results are as follows: 1. High performance activated carbon was prepared from sucrose by one step H3PO4 chemical activation method. The effects of activation conditions on the morphology, microstructure and electrochemical properties of activated carbon were studied by a series of microscopic characterization and performance tests. The optimum activation conditions were obtained as follows: activation temperature 500 鈩，

本文編號：1918155