本文選題：高放廢物處置 + 壓實膨潤土��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：截止目前,高廟子膨潤土與石英砂的混合物已經(jīng)被確定為我國理想的緩沖回填材料,并展開了大量的可行性研究。室內(nèi)小試樣形狀規(guī)則、尺寸較小,加工制備條件能夠得到理想的控制。但是,在實際的工程處置中,壓實砌塊必須采用工業(yè)化壓實設(shè)備,批量加工成特定的形狀,需要通過工業(yè)化放大試驗解決關(guān)鍵制備技術(shù)以及尺寸效應(yīng)等問題。蘭州大學(xué)張虎元研究室參考國內(nèi)外已有的砌塊壓制相關(guān)研究,開發(fā)機(jī)械化壓實設(shè)備,并且提出以1/6和1/12型扇形砌塊共同組合的雙層緩沖屏障概念模型,確定了扇形緩沖回填材料砌塊基本尺寸。本研究分別以黃土砌塊和膨潤土-砂緩沖砌塊為研究對象,通過CT掃描、電鏡試驗、壓汞試驗等,分析工業(yè)砌塊材料的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)特征,以期從微觀的角度揭示砌塊不均勻性的內(nèi)在原因。主要包括兩方面內(nèi)容:黃土砌塊預(yù)備試驗以及膨潤土-砂混合型緩沖砌塊微觀結(jié)構(gòu)研究。第一部分為黃土砌塊預(yù)備試驗,以萃英山黃土為主要材料,制備目標(biāo)干密度ρd=1.80 g/cm3,目標(biāo)含水率ω=13%的1/12型扇形砌塊進(jìn)行CT掃描,通過斷層掃描圖像觀察砌塊內(nèi)部微觀結(jié)構(gòu)特征以及定量分析CT圖片,從而得到砌塊內(nèi)部沿著不同方向的密度分布。最終證明:黃土砌塊內(nèi)部密度分布沿著不同的方向呈現(xiàn)出規(guī)律性分布,其中以高度方向密度變化較為明顯。第二部分為膨潤土-砂混合型緩沖材料砌塊微觀結(jié)構(gòu)研究,以1/12型扇形砌塊為主要研究對象,設(shè)計摻砂率為Rs=30%,目標(biāo)含水率和目標(biāo)干密度各不相同的兩組平行試驗,將制備好的砌塊以4×4×4進(jìn)行分割,并且依據(jù)CT試驗的結(jié)果,選取每個砌塊沿著高度方向具有代表性的四個小試塊進(jìn)行電鏡掃描和壓汞試驗,主要結(jié)論如下:(1)通過CT斷層掃描圖片,可以看到,砌塊內(nèi)部存在明顯的團(tuán)聚體。對于同一個砌塊,沿著不同的方向,密度呈現(xiàn)出規(guī)律性分布。其中沿著高度方向,以中間層為對稱點,砌塊的密度基本呈對稱分布,上下層較大,中間層最小。沿著角度方向,密度分布較為均勻。沿著半徑方向,圓中心一側(cè)密度略大于圓周邊一側(cè)。(2)通過對比分析壓汞試驗得到的孔徑分布曲線發(fā)現(xiàn):隨著干密度的增大,試樣內(nèi)部孔徑范圍逐漸縮小。隨著含水率的增加,試樣內(nèi)部的孔徑范圍極速擴(kuò)大。(3)對于同一個砌塊,沿著高度方向,孔徑分布曲線并沒有表現(xiàn)出明顯的分布規(guī)律。對于含水率相同干密度不同的三個砌塊,隨著干密度的增大,砌塊內(nèi)部的孔徑范圍縮小,孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)類型減少,這說明,干密度越大,砌塊內(nèi)部的孔隙大小越均勻。對于干密度相同含水率不同的三個砌塊,隨著含水率的增加,同一砌塊內(nèi)部孔徑范圍逐漸擴(kuò)大,并且孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)類型增加,這說明,含水率越大砌塊內(nèi)部孔隙大小越不均勻。
[Abstract]:Up to now, the mixture of bentonite and quartz has been identified as an ideal cushion backfilling material in China, and a large number of feasibility studies have been carried out. The shape rules of the small specimen, small size, and the preparation conditions can be ideally controlled. However, in the actual engineering treatment, the compaction block must be industrialized. Compacting equipment, which is processed into a specific shape in batch, needs to solve the key preparation technology and size effect through industrial enlargement test. The Zhang Huyuan research room of Lanzhou University, referring to the related research on block pressing existing at home and abroad, develops mechanized compaction equipment, and proposes a double layer of 1/6 and 1/12 type fan-shaped blocks. The concept model of buffer barrier is used to determine the basic size of the fan-shaped cushion backfilling material block. The study is based on the Loess block and bentonite sand buffer block respectively. The microstructure characteristics of the industrial block material are analyzed by CT scanning, electron microscope test and mercury pressure test. The main contents are two aspects: the preparation test of the Loess block and the microstructure study of the bentonite sand mixed type buffer block. The first part is the preparation test of the Loess block. It takes the Yingshan loess as the main material to prepare the target dry density p d=1.80 g/cm3, the target water content omega = 13% 1/12 type sector block for CT scanning, through the fault. The microstructure features of the block and the quantitative analysis of CT images are observed by scanning images, and the density distribution inside the block in different directions is obtained. Finally, it is proved that the distribution of the density distribution in the Loess block is regular in different directions, and the change of the high direction density is more obvious. The second part is bentonite sand mixing. In the study of the microstructure of the combined type buffer material block, the 1/12 type fan block is the main research object. Two groups of parallel tests are designed for the sand mixing rate of Rs=30%, the target water content and the target dry density are different. The prepared blocks are divided by 4 x 4 x 4. According to the results of the CT test, each block is selected along the height direction. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the main conclusions are as follows: (1) there are obvious aggregates inside the block by CT tomography. For the same block, the density is regularly distributed along different directions. The density of the middle layer is symmetrical and the density of the block along the height direction. It is basically symmetrical distribution, the upper and lower layers are larger, the middle layer is the smallest. Along the angle direction, the density distribution is more uniform. Along the radius direction, the density of the circular center is slightly larger than the round side. (2) through the comparison and analysis of the pore size distribution curve obtained by the pressure mercury test, it is found that the inner aperture range of the sample decreases with the increase of the dry density. (3) for the same block, the pore size distribution curve does not show obvious distribution law for the same block. For the three blocks with the same dry density of the same moisture content, with the increase of dry density, the inner diameter of the block is reduced and the type of pore structure is reduced. This shows that the larger the dry density, the more uniform the size of the pores inside the block. For three blocks with the same dry density, the inner pore size of the same block increases with the increase of water content, and the type of pore structure increases. This shows that the larger the water content is, the more uneven the inner pore size of the block.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU522.3

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