本文選題：電解水 + 高壓制氫��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和人類生活水平的提高,清潔能源受到人們越來越多的關(guān)注,可再生、無污染逐漸成為選擇能源的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。經(jīng)長期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),氫氣是最理想的能源之一。首先,氫氣的熱效率較高;其次,氫氣燃燒后產(chǎn)物是水,沒有任何污染物產(chǎn)生,是一種清潔性的能源。目前,電解水普遍采用的方法是雙電解槽電解法,該方法由于隔膜的存在,無法承受較大的壓強(qiáng),更不能產(chǎn)生高壓下的氫氣和氧氣。本文所描述的是一款用于實(shí)現(xiàn)高壓電解水設(shè)備自動(dòng)運(yùn)行的控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。該設(shè)備由電解槽、氫氣儲(chǔ)氣倉、氧氣儲(chǔ)氣倉、水箱、連接管及九路開關(guān)構(gòu)成,采用從烏克蘭引進(jìn)的新型鐵鎳合金電極材料。該電極材料可在單電解槽中電解水,間接性產(chǎn)生氫氣和氧氣,實(shí)現(xiàn)氫氣和氧氣的時(shí)空分離�，F(xiàn)在工業(yè)電解水每產(chǎn)生1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)立方米氫氣和0.5標(biāo)準(zhǔn)立方米氧氣所消耗的電能平均約為4.5kwh,該電極材料耗能約為4.1kwh,處于較低水平。此外,該電極材料可產(chǎn)生壓強(qiáng)為10MPa以上的氣體,不需外界加壓就能實(shí)現(xiàn)高壓儲(chǔ)存氣體,解決了雙電解槽電解水中由于隔膜作用而不能達(dá)到高壓的難題。該電極材料相當(dāng)于一個(gè)變阻負(fù)載,產(chǎn)生同一種氣體時(shí),隨時(shí)間的推移而電阻逐漸變大。在產(chǎn)生氫氣時(shí),需要為電極材料提供0.4V~1.4V的恒流電源;在產(chǎn)生氧氣時(shí),需要為電極材料提供-0.6V~-1.6V的恒流電源。該系統(tǒng)通過實(shí)時(shí)檢測電極電壓、電極電流、氫氣儲(chǔ)氣倉和氧氣儲(chǔ)氣倉的壓強(qiáng)以及氫氣儲(chǔ)氣倉和氧氣儲(chǔ)氣倉的液位高度,實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制電流參數(shù)的調(diào)整、電極電位的轉(zhuǎn)換、電磁閥開關(guān)的開合、設(shè)備加水以及故障提示等功能,并可以通過外部8個(gè)按鈕實(shí)現(xiàn)人工操作。此外,為方便了解設(shè)備的工作狀態(tài),使用液晶屏實(shí)時(shí)顯示系統(tǒng)采集的數(shù)據(jù)信息;為能實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控,使用C#語言開發(fā)了上位機(jī)顯示與控制界面。本文給出了控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)與軟件設(shè)計(jì),并進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際測試和數(shù)據(jù)的采集與分析。本設(shè)計(jì)從模塊上劃分為:外部信號(hào)輸入模塊、控制信號(hào)輸出模塊、電極電源模塊、信號(hào)采集模塊、設(shè)備信息顯示模塊以及上位機(jī)界面開發(fā)。選用單片機(jī)STM32f103C8T6作為系統(tǒng)的控制中心,通過外部按鍵或者上位機(jī)界面啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)進(jìn)入設(shè)備信息采集模式,在設(shè)備狀態(tài)允許的情況下方可通過外部按鈕控制高壓電解水設(shè)備自動(dòng)運(yùn)行與生產(chǎn)。系統(tǒng)可通過電極電源模塊自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)電極的電流參數(shù)和電極電位狀態(tài),使電極間隔性產(chǎn)生氫氣和氧氣,同時(shí)通過信號(hào)采集模塊周期性檢測設(shè)備各部分狀態(tài),當(dāng)設(shè)備狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)異常時(shí),將自動(dòng)控制設(shè)備停止工作并通過設(shè)備信息顯示模塊進(jìn)行故障提示。也可以通過外部按鍵或者上位機(jī)界面手動(dòng)選擇高壓電解水設(shè)備處于自動(dòng)運(yùn)行模式或者手動(dòng)運(yùn)行模式。該系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)可以使高壓電解水制取氫氣和氧氣實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化,在化工、冶金及食品工業(yè)等領(lǐng)域得到更廣泛的應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology and the improvement of human living standard, people pay more and more attention to clean energy, renewable and pollution-free gradually become one of the important standards of energy choice. After long-term research, hydrogen is found to be one of the most ideal energy sources. Firstly, the thermal efficiency of hydrogen is high; secondly, the product of hydrogen combustion is water, without any pollutants, it is a kind of clean energy. At present, the common method of electrolytic water is double electrolytic cell electrolysis method. Because of the existence of diaphragm, the method can not bear a large pressure, let alone produce hydrogen and oxygen under high pressure. This paper describes the design of a control system for automatic operation of high voltage electrolytic water equipment. The equipment is composed of electrolysis cell, hydrogen gas storage chamber, oxygen gas storage chamber, water tank, connecting pipe and nine-way switch. The new Fe-Ni alloy electrode material imported from Ukraine is used. The electrode material can electrolyze water in a single electrolytic cell and indirectly produce hydrogen and oxygen, and realize the space-time separation of hydrogen and oxygen. At present, the average energy consumption of industrial electrolytic water for each generation of 1 cubic meter of hydrogen and 0.5 standard cubic meter of oxygen is about 4.5 kwh.The energy consumption of the electrode material is about 4.1 kwh. which is at a relatively low level. In addition, the electrode material can produce gas with a pressure above 10MPa, and can store gas at high pressure without external pressure, which solves the problem of high voltage in electrolytic water of double electrolytic cell because of diaphragm action. The electrode material is equivalent to a resistive load, and the resistance increases with time when the same gas is produced. It is necessary to provide constant current power supply of 0.4V~1.4V for electrode material while producing hydrogen and constant current power supply of -0.6V / -1.6V for electrode material when oxygen is generated. The system can automatically control the adjustment of current parameters and the conversion of electrode potential by real-time detecting electrode voltage, electrode current, the pressure of hydrogen gas storage chamber and oxygen storage tank, and the liquid level height of hydrogen gas storage chamber and oxygen storage tank. The opening and closing of solenoid valve switch, equipment adding water and fault indication can be manually operated by 8 external buttons. In addition, in order to understand the working state of the equipment, the display and control interface of the host computer is developed with C # language in order to display the data collected by the system in real time. This paper gives the hardware and software design of the control system, and carries on the actual test and the data collection and analysis of the system. The design is divided into three parts: external signal input module, control signal output module, electrode power module, signal acquisition module, equipment information display module and upper computer interface development. The single-chip computer STM32f103C8T6 is selected as the control center of the system. The system automatically enters the equipment information collection mode by starting the system through the external keys or the upper computer interface. The automatic operation and production of high voltage electrolytic water equipment can be controlled by external buttons when the state of the equipment allows. The system can automatically adjust the electrode current parameters and electrode potential state through the electrode power module, so that the electrode spacing can produce hydrogen and oxygen, at the same time, the signal acquisition module periodically detects the state of each part of the equipment. When there is an abnormal state of the device, the device will be automatically controlled to stop working and fault prompted through the device information display module. It is also possible to manually select high voltage electrolytic water equipment in automatic operation mode or manual operation mode through external keys or upper computer interface. The development of the system can industrialize the production of hydrogen and oxygen from high pressure electrolytic water, and it can be widely used in chemical, metallurgical and food industries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ116.21;TP273

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