發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-05 09:28

  本文選題：煤矸石　切入點(diǎn)：發(fā)泡陶瓷　出處：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：針對(duì)目前墻體保溫材料及煤矸石高附加值利用存在的問(wèn)題,本文在研究煤矸石化學(xué)成分組成特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,采用粉末坯體發(fā)泡工藝制備出了一種煤矸石摻量高達(dá)90wt%,理論上可提供1/6~1/3熱能,且具有耐久、隔音、輕質(zhì)、高強(qiáng)等優(yōu)良性能的生態(tài)環(huán)保型發(fā)泡陶瓷保溫板,并研究了坯料主要化學(xué)成分組成、粉磨工藝和燒成工藝與發(fā)泡陶瓷性能的關(guān)系。通過(guò)XRD、SEM、TG-DSC、XRF、LPS等分析測(cè)試手段探討了影響發(fā)泡陶瓷性能的因素及作用機(jī)理。首先,對(duì)發(fā)泡陶瓷坯料化學(xué)成分組成進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),研究了Fe2O3、MgO、Al2O3、發(fā)泡劑摻量與發(fā)泡陶瓷性能的關(guān)系及作用機(jī)理。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:Fe2O3在高溫條件下分解產(chǎn)生的氧氣和Fe2+,可調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)泡劑產(chǎn)生氣體的速率和降低液相產(chǎn)生溫度,從而表現(xiàn)出助熔、改善孔結(jié)構(gòu)、拓寬燒成溫度范圍的作用;MgO也具有與Fe2O3相似的作用;Al2O3表現(xiàn)出穩(wěn)泡及促進(jìn)晶相的產(chǎn)生,從而提高材料力學(xué)性能的作用;坯料中復(fù)合發(fā)泡劑外摻量為0.1wt%時(shí)即可燒制出含有大量均勻氣孔的發(fā)泡陶瓷,適宜外摻量為0.3~2.0wt%,外摻量過(guò)多可導(dǎo)致發(fā)泡陶瓷孔結(jié)構(gòu)和性能的惡化。其次,研究了粉磨工藝與發(fā)泡陶瓷性能的關(guān)系。探討了粉磨助劑及粉磨時(shí)間對(duì)坯料粒度分布和發(fā)泡陶瓷性能的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:粉磨助劑和粉磨時(shí)間主要通過(guò)影響坯料混合均勻性和坯料的細(xì)度及粒度分布來(lái)影響發(fā)泡陶瓷的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)和性能;濕法粉磨工藝與添加0.035%三乙醇胺干法粉磨工藝燒成的發(fā)泡陶瓷孔結(jié)構(gòu)和性能相似,然而濕法粉磨工藝復(fù)雜、能耗高、制備周期長(zhǎng),因此可被添加三乙醇胺干法粉磨工藝所代替。最后,研究了燒成工藝與發(fā)泡陶瓷性能的關(guān)系。采用單因素變量法分析了燒成溫度和保溫時(shí)間對(duì)發(fā)泡陶瓷性能的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:燒成溫度和保溫時(shí)間均對(duì)發(fā)泡陶瓷孔結(jié)構(gòu)和抗壓強(qiáng)度影響顯著,對(duì)吸水率影響較小。升高燒成溫度或延長(zhǎng)保溫時(shí)間,在促使氣泡充分長(zhǎng)大的同時(shí),可提高氣泡孔徑的一致性,使表觀密度和吸水率降低,但燒成溫度過(guò)高或保溫時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng),會(huì)破壞孔結(jié)構(gòu),導(dǎo)致連通孔和“孔窗”的產(chǎn)生,從而提高表觀密度和吸水率。此外,總結(jié)了發(fā)泡陶瓷性能之間的影響規(guī)律與關(guān)系:發(fā)泡陶瓷的性能主要受孔結(jié)構(gòu)和表觀密度的影響。
[Abstract]:In view of the problems existing in the high value-added utilization of wall insulation materials and gangue, this paper studies the characteristics of chemical composition of coal gangue.A kind of eco-environment-friendly foamed ceramic insulation board with excellent properties such as durability, sound insulation, light weight, high strength and so on has been prepared by using powder billet foaming process, which can provide 1 / 6 / 1 / 3 heat energy in theory, and the content of coal gangue is as high as 90 wts.The relationship between the chemical composition, grinding process and sintering process of the billets and the properties of foamed ceramics was also studied.The factors affecting the properties of foamed ceramics and the mechanism were discussed by means of the analysis and measurement of XRDX SEMX TG-DSCN and XRF LPS.Firstly, the chemical composition of foamed ceramic billets was designed, and the relationship between the amount of foaming agent and the properties of foamed ceramics was studied.The experimental results show that the oxygen and Fe2 produced by the decomposition of Fe2O3 at high temperature can adjust the rate of gas produced by foaming agent and lower the temperature of liquid phase, so that it can help melt and improve the pore structure.The effect of widening the firing temperature range is also similar to that of Fe2O3. Al _ 2O _ 3 shows the function of stabilizing foaming and promoting the production of crystalline phase, thus improving the mechanical properties of materials.Foamed ceramics containing a large number of uniform pores can be prepared when the amount of foaming agent in the billet is 0.1 wt%, and the appropriate addition amount is 0.32 ~ 2.0 wt.The excessive addition of foaming agent can lead to the deterioration of the pore structure and properties of the foamed ceramics.Secondly, the relationship between the grinding process and the properties of foamed ceramics was studied.The effects of grinding aids and grinding time on particle size distribution and properties of foamed ceramics were discussed.The experimental results show that the pore structure and properties of foamed ceramics are mainly affected by the influence of grinding aids and grinding time on the mixing uniformity of the billets and the fineness and particle size distribution of the billets.The structure and properties of foamed ceramics prepared by wet grinding process are similar to those of foamed ceramics by adding 0.035% triethanolamine dry grinding process. However, the wet grinding process is complex, high energy consumption and long preparation period, so it can be replaced by adding triethanolamine dry grinding process.Finally, the relationship between the sintering process and the properties of foamed ceramics was studied.The effects of sintering temperature and holding time on the properties of foamed ceramics were analyzed by single factor variable method.The results show that both sintering temperature and holding time have significant effects on the pore structure and compressive strength of foamed ceramics, but have little effect on water absorption.Raising the sintering temperature or prolonging the holding time can increase the consistency of bubble pore size and decrease the apparent density and water absorption, but if the sintering temperature is too high or the holding time is too long, the pore structure will be destroyed.Leads to the formation of connected holes and "hole windows", thus increasing apparent density and water absorption.In addition, the relationship between the properties of foamed ceramics was summarized. The properties of foamed ceramics were mainly affected by the pore structure and apparent density.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ174.1

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