發(fā)布時間：2018-03-21 06:55

  本文選題：烴類水蒸氣制氫　切入點：制氫原料　出處：《東北石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著石油資源日益短缺,石油組成明顯變重,石油中的硫、氯、金屬等雜質(zhì)含量顯著增加,相應(yīng)的各種加氫工藝得到飛速發(fā)展,同時先進的制氫技術(shù)也被研究出來并得到了迅速的發(fā)展。本文就烴類水蒸氣轉(zhuǎn)化制氫技術(shù)的發(fā)展,從行業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢、制氫原料的選擇、轉(zhuǎn)化反應(yīng)機理、工藝路線、催化劑技術(shù)發(fā)展、余熱利用和環(huán)保要求等諸多方面進行詳細介紹。烴類水蒸氣制氫的工業(yè)裝置做的越來越大,從最初的幾千立每小時制氫到現(xiàn)在的最大能做到230000 Nm3/h制氫;制氫原料程多樣性發(fā)展,現(xiàn)在以煤、焦炭、石油焦等為主的固體原料,以天然氣、煉廠氣、石腦油等為主的烴類原料,以重油、渣油、瀝青等為主的重質(zhì)烴類原料,多樣性的原料為制氫裝置的工藝選擇帶來廣闊的空間;預(yù)轉(zhuǎn)化技術(shù)的重新應(yīng)用,預(yù)轉(zhuǎn)化技術(shù)可以有效的降低轉(zhuǎn)化爐的體積,降低整個裝置投資,可以解決大型化所帶來的工程設(shè)計與施工問題;轉(zhuǎn)化催化劑的研發(fā)更先進,向著適應(yīng)碳空速更高、適應(yīng)原料更廣泛、抗積碳與中毒性能力更強的方面發(fā)展;富含氫氣的煉廠氣回收利用更廣;工藝流程更加的優(yōu)化,最大限度的利用了制氫轉(zhuǎn)化爐煙氣的余熱,可以將空氣預(yù)熱到500℃再進入轉(zhuǎn)化爐降低了裝置的能耗;不斷改進轉(zhuǎn)化爐型及操作參數(shù),表現(xiàn)為“三高一低”:高的出入口溫度,高空速,高熱流通量,低水碳比;制氫裝置的控制與自保系統(tǒng)更加完善,實現(xiàn)了烴類水蒸氣轉(zhuǎn)化制氫裝置生產(chǎn)的全自動控制,先進的控制系統(tǒng)能在線診斷、處理不正常的操作參數(shù),也可以實現(xiàn)原料變化的無擾動切換。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing shortage of petroleum resources, the composition of petroleum has become heavier, the contents of sulfur, chlorine, metals and other impurities in petroleum have increased significantly, and the corresponding hydrogenation processes have been developed rapidly. At the same time, the advanced hydrogen production technology has also been studied and developed rapidly. In this paper, the development of hydrocarbon steam conversion hydrogen production technology, the development trend of the industry, the selection of hydrogen production raw materials, the conversion reaction mechanism, the process route, The development of catalyst technology, the utilization of waste heat and the requirements of environmental protection are introduced in detail. The industrial units for hydrogen production by hydrocarbon steam are becoming larger and larger, from thousands of stand per hour hydrogen production to the maximum hydrogen production capacity of 230000 Nm3/h. The process of hydrogen production has developed in a variety of ways. At present, solid raw materials such as coal, coke and petroleum coke, hydrocarbon raw materials such as natural gas, refinery gas, naphtha, and heavy hydrocarbon raw materials, such as heavy oil, residuum and asphalt, are mainly used as raw materials for hydrogen production. The diversity of raw materials brings wide space for the process selection of hydrogen production plant. With the re-application of pre-conversion technology, pre-conversion technology can effectively reduce the volume of the converter and reduce the investment of the whole plant. It can solve the problems of engineering design and construction brought about by large-scale transformation, the research and development of conversion catalyst is more advanced, and it is developed to adapt to higher carbon space velocity, wider adaptability to raw materials, stronger ability of resisting carbon deposition and toxicity. The recovery and utilization of the hydrogen rich refinery gas is more extensive, the process is more optimized, the waste heat of the flue gas of the hydrogen reformer is utilized to the maximum extent, the air can be preheated to 500 鈩，

本文編號：1642744