發(fā)布時間：2018-03-16 11:32

  本文選題：電解效率　切入點(diǎn)：磁場　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：氫氣是一種清潔的能源,在燃燒過程中不產(chǎn)生溫室氣體等有害氣體。氫能被認(rèn)為將永久解決化石燃料危機(jī),又能夠同時解決全球環(huán)境污染和溫室效應(yīng)問題,因此世界范圍內(nèi)學(xué)者對制氫技術(shù)進(jìn)行了大量的研究。其中堿性電解水制氫已經(jīng)發(fā)展為一個很常見的制氫手段。但是由于電解效率較低導(dǎo)致大部分的工業(yè)電解槽電能消耗較高,因此電解產(chǎn)生的氫氣的成本也較高,這就成為了制約電解水制氫技術(shù)在更大范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用的重要因素。本文通過分析電解槽的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)與電解效率之間的關(guān)系,建立了電解槽的電解效率的計(jì)算公式,發(fā)現(xiàn)電解效率與過電位直接相關(guān)、之后建立過電位的數(shù)學(xué)模型,該數(shù)學(xué)模型能夠指引電解槽的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方向。分析了電解槽在施加了外部磁場后,在電解過程中會產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的電磁力,引起電解液產(chǎn)生對流現(xiàn)象,即磁流體動力學(xué)(MHD)效應(yīng),根據(jù)建立的過電位的數(shù)學(xué)模型分析出該效應(yīng)對過電位和電解效率的影響。其次,推導(dǎo)出電解液在施加外部磁場后的磁流體動力學(xué)方程,并通過ANSYS和Fluent軟件共同建立施加永磁體磁場后的電解液流場分析模型,對電場、磁場和流場進(jìn)行耦合仿真分析,得出流場速度與電解槽工作電流的關(guān)系,流場速度與永磁體厚度參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。通過搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置和設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)方案來對不同電解液濃度,不同電極間距下的電解效率進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,并對施加磁場后的電解槽進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,探究了施加不同方向和不同磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度的磁場時對電解效率的影響。最后將研究的成果應(yīng)用到車載氫氧機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)上,設(shè)計(jì)電解槽時在合適的位置安裝上適當(dāng)厚度的永磁體;并在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了電源系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng),最終完成一個車載氫氧機(jī)整體系統(tǒng)。設(shè)計(jì)完成的控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了對車載氫氧機(jī)工作狀態(tài)的實(shí)時監(jiān)控,實(shí)現(xiàn)了車載氫氧機(jī)系統(tǒng)的安全可靠運(yùn)行。
[Abstract]:Hydrogen is a clean energy source that does not produce harmful gases such as greenhouse gases during combustion. Hydrogen is thought to be a permanent solution to the fossil fuel crisis, as well as global environmental pollution and Greenhouse Effect problems. Therefore, a great deal of research has been done on hydrogen production technology worldwide. Among them, alkaline electrolytic water hydrogen production has been developed as a very common method of hydrogen production. However, due to the low efficiency of electrolysis, most industrial electrolytic cells consume more electric energy. Therefore, the cost of hydrogen produced by electrolysis is also high, which has become an important factor restricting the application of electrolytic water hydrogen production technology in a wider range. This paper analyzes the relationship between the parameters of the electrolytic cell and the electrolytic efficiency. The calculation formula of the electrolytic efficiency of the electrolytic cell is established. It is found that the electrolytic efficiency is directly related to the overpotential, and then the mathematical model of the overpotential is established. The mathematical model can guide the optimum design direction of the electrolytic cell. It is analyzed that the electromagnetism force will be produced in the electrolysis process after the external magnetic field is applied in the electrolytic cell, which will lead to the convection of the electrolyte, that is, the MHD effect. According to the established mathematical model of overpotential, the effect of this effect on overpotential and electrolysis efficiency is analyzed. Secondly, the magnetohydrodynamic equation of electrolyte after applying external magnetic field is derived. The analysis model of electrolyte flow field after applying permanent magnet magnetic field is established by ANSYS and Fluent software. The coupling simulation analysis of electric field, magnetic field and flow field is carried out, and the relationship between the flow field velocity and the working current of electrolytic cell is obtained. The relationship between the velocity of flow field and the parameters of the thickness of permanent magnet is studied. The electrolysis efficiency under different electrolyte concentration and different electrode spacing is studied experimentally by setting up an experimental device and designing an experimental scheme. The effect of the magnetic field on the electrolysis efficiency is studied. Finally, the research results are applied to the design of the hydrogen-oxygen engine. The electrolysis cell is designed with a permanent magnet of the appropriate thickness in the right position, and on this basis, the power supply system and the control system are designed. The control system is designed to realize the real-time monitoring of the working state of the vehicle hydrogen and oxygen engine, and the safe and reliable operation of the vehicle hydrogen and oxygen engine system is realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ116.2

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本文編號：1619734