本文選題：親水性棉織物　切入點：超疏水織物　出處：《東華大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來原油的泄露和生活用油的隨意排放,在造成巨大經(jīng)濟損失的同時也給生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來了嚴重的迫害。眾所周知,油和水的表面張力存在著較大的差異,因此可以選擇對油和水具有不同親和力的材料作為油/水分離材料,進行油/水混合物的分離,并且可以通過賦予材料特殊浸潤性,以增強材料的油水分離效率。表面潤濕性是固體表面的一個重要性質(zhì),近年來超浸潤表面,如:超疏水,超親水,以及Janus表面的研究逐漸引起了大家的廣泛關注。本文制備并研究了三種不同的材料(親水,超疏水和Janus織物)在油/水分離中的應用,主要結論如下:超浸潤表面的制備及其在油水分離中的應用。(1)經(jīng)傳統(tǒng)前處理工藝處理后的純棉機織物,由于其本身具備空氣中親水和水下疏油的特性,潤濕的棉織物能夠用于分離輕油/水組成的油水分層體系,并且經(jīng)過50次循環(huán)使用后其油水分離效率依然能夠大于98%,但經(jīng)前處理的純棉機織物作為油水分離材料,在油水分離過程中也存在著一定的缺陷,即其不能夠分離重油/水組成的油水分層體系。(2)為了彌補純棉機織物在油水分離應用中的不足,本文介紹了一種簡單的制備耐久性,超疏水表面的方法。將(3-巰基丙基)-三甲氧基硅烷為前驅體制備的Si O2溶膠,通過浸漬的方法處理到棉織物表面,接著通過氨氣引發(fā)聚合反應的方法,在棉織物表面生長出Si O2顆粒,最后借助點擊化學的手段,將甲基丙烯酸十三氟辛酯接枝到棉織物表面,對棉織物進行表面改性,以降低其表面能。這便制備出了具有優(yōu)異超疏水特性的棉織物。水在制備的超疏水織物表面的接觸角和滾動角分別為:155°,和5°;制備的超疏水織物,具有良好的摩擦牢度,經(jīng)摩擦牢度儀破壞織物組織結構后,仍能保持較好的超疏水特性;此外處理后的織物還具備優(yōu)異的耐酸和耐紫外光照的特性。制備的超疏水織物在油水分離的就應用中,能夠高效地實現(xiàn)重油/水組成的油水分層體系的分離,并且經(jīng)過50次的循環(huán)使用后其分離效率仍在98%以上。但在油水分離過程中以超疏水棉織物作為油水分離材料也存在著明顯的缺陷,即其不能夠分離輕油/水組成的油水分層體系。(3)為了賦予基底同時具備輕油/水和重油/水兩種體系的油水混合物高效分離的功能。本文介紹了一種簡單的方法,制備單面親水和單面疏水的Janus織物。利用上述制備的超疏水織物不耐強堿的特性,將上述制備的超疏水棉織物,放到1mol/L的燒堿溶液中加熱保溫30min,只破壞超疏水織物一側的粗糙結構和低表面能物質(zhì),便可獲得一面親水一面疏水的Janus織物。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在油水分離實驗中,以Janus織物作為油水分離材料進行油水分離時,當重油/水混合物首先接觸到Janus織物親水面時,Janus織物能夠高效地將重油/水混合物分離開。將Janus織物的親水面潤濕,當輕油/水混合物首先接觸到Janus織物疏水面時,Janus織物能夠高效地將輕油/水混合物分離開。此外Janus織物在油水分離實驗中具有高效和高循環(huán)次數(shù)的特點經(jīng)過10循環(huán)使用后依然能達到98%的分離效率。
[Abstract]:Random discharge of crude oil leakage and oil life in recent years, resulting in huge economic losses but also to the ecological environment has brought serious persecution. As everyone knows, there is a big difference between the surface tension of oil and water, so you can choose to have a different affinity for water and oil materials as oil / water separation materials, separation oil / water mixture, and can give special invasive, to enhance the efficiency of oil-water separation. Material surface wettability is an important property of solid surface, in recent years, ultra infiltration surface, such as: super hydrophobic and super hydrophilic, and on the surface of Janus has aroused widespread concern. In this system the preparation and study of three different materials (hydrophilic, hydrophobic and Janus fabric) in the application of oil / water separation, the main conclusions are as follows: the infiltration of surface preparation and its application in oil-water separation (1). The cotton fabric processing traditional pretreatment, due to its own characteristics with hydrophilic and oleophobic air under water, wet cotton fabric can be used in separating oil / water composed of oil-water stratified system, and after 50 cycles after the use of the oil-water separation efficiency can still reach more than 98%, but the pure cotton fabric before treatment as oil-water separation materials in the oil-water separation process also has some defects, which can not be separated oil / water composed of oil-water stratified system. (2) in order to make up for the cotton fabric in the oil-water separation disadvantages in the application, this paper introduces a simple preparation method of durability. Super hydrophobic surface. (3- mercapto propyl) - trimethoxysilane as precursor for the preparation of Si O2 sol treatment onto the fabric surface by impregnation method, and then through the ammonia induced polymerization method in cotton fabric surface. The growth of Si O2 particles, finally using click chemistry method, thirteen fluorine-containing methacrylate grafted to the fabric surface, the cotton fabric was modified to reduce the surface energy. It is prepared with cotton fabric excellent super hydrophobic properties. The water in the water surface preparation of superhydrophobic fabric the contact angle and roll angle was 155 degrees, and 5 degrees; the fabrics prepared by super hydrophobic, with good rubbing fastness, destroy the fabric structure by rubbing fastness, can still maintain a super good hydrophobic property; in addition the treated fabric has good resistance to acid and ultraviolet radiation characteristics. The fabrics in the oil-water separation by super hydrophobic application, can effectively realize the separation of oil / water system consisting of oil-water separation, and after 50 cycles of use after the separation efficiency was more than 98%. But in the process of the super hydrophobic oil-water separation Cotton fabric as oil-water separation material also has obvious defects, which can not separate oil / water composed of oil-water stratified system. (3) to give the basement with oil / water and oil / water system of two kinds of efficient separation of oil and water mixture function. This paper introduces a simple method of preparation one single hydrophilic and hydrophobic Janus fabric. According to the preparation of super hydrophobic fabric alkali resistant properties, will be the preparation of superhydrophobic cotton fabric, into the caustic soda solution of 1mol/L heating 30min, only the destruction of super hydrophobic fabric on the side of the rough structure and low surface energy material, can be obtained a hydrophilic hydrophobic side Janus fabric. The study found in the oil-water separation experiment, using Janus fabric as oil-water separator material for oil-water separation, oil / water mixture when the first contact with the Janus fabric hydrophilic surface, Janus fabric can 楂樻晥鍦板皢閲嶆補/姘存販鍚堢墿鍒嗙寮，

本文編號：1604641