本文關(guān)鍵詞： HAZOP 穩(wěn)態(tài)過程模擬 模糊綜合評價 風險評價矩陣 軟件集成　出處：《青島科技大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：危險與可操作性分析(Hazard and Operability Analysis,HAZOP)主要適用于分析、查找、預(yù)測化工過程中的設(shè)計缺陷、操作規(guī)程缺陷及其它可能存在的隱患,目前已廣泛用于化工、石化、煉油、制藥等行業(yè)。但隨著這些行業(yè)規(guī)模的快速發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)的HAZOP定性分析已不能滿足安全生產(chǎn)的需求。本文提出了一種將HAZOP與流程模擬技術(shù)進行結(jié)合的定量分析新方法,并采用了模糊綜合評價法及風險分析矩陣相結(jié)合的風險評價分析方法。首先,本文通過調(diào)研國內(nèi)外文獻資料,綜述了HAZOP分析方法的研究進展和工業(yè)應(yīng)用,闡述了HAZOP定量分析的必要性。其次,本文在總結(jié)國內(nèi)外專家對HAZOP量化分析的基礎(chǔ)之上,對HAZOP定量分析方法做了改進,提出了HAZOP流程模擬定量分析新方法,該方法的“定量”主要從兩個方面入手:一是對HAZOP分析偏差的量化,利用通用流程模擬軟件AspenPlus對所分析的工藝過程進行模擬計算,獲得不同程度的偏離對工藝系統(tǒng)過程的影響,進而實現(xiàn)對偏差進行量化;二是對HAZOP分析結(jié)果的量化,本文提出了一種對事故后果進行量化的模糊綜合評價與風險評價矩陣相結(jié)合的方法,即由專家打分法確定事故發(fā)生概率和事故后果嚴重程度,經(jīng)風險評價矩陣得到事故后果的風險等級。再次,在上述方法的基礎(chǔ)上,本文利用軟件集成技術(shù)開發(fā)了Aspen-Excel-HAZOP輔助分析軟件,該軟件利用VBA語言編制宏命令調(diào)用Aspen Plus提供的Excel接口程序Aspen Simulation Workbook,在AspenPlus和Excel之間進行數(shù)據(jù)傳遞,可在Excel表格中將“偏差”及模擬結(jié)果直觀顯示,并能自動形成HAZOP分析報告,從而顯著提高了HAZOP分析的效率和質(zhì)量。最后,本文以氯乙烯合成過程及甲苯、甲基環(huán)己烷共沸精餾過程等典型化工過程為例,采用上述方法進行HAZOP定量分析,對該方法的可行性和可靠性進行了驗證。分析結(jié)果表明:本方法有效地克服了傳統(tǒng)HAZOP定性分析的模糊性,提高了分析結(jié)果的針對性,能明確指出評價系統(tǒng)存在的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)和風險等級情況,找出系統(tǒng)中潛在的危險因素和可能導(dǎo)致的事故后果,從而為企業(yè)的安全生產(chǎn)管理提供可靠依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Hazard and operability Analysis Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOPO) is mainly suitable for analysis, search and prediction of design defects, operational regulations and other possible hidden dangers in chemical processes. At present, Hazard and Operability Analysis has been widely used in chemical, petrochemical, oil refining, However, with the rapid development of these industries, the traditional qualitative analysis of HAZOP can no longer meet the requirements of production safety. A new quantitative analysis method combining HAZOP with process simulation technology is proposed in this paper. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the risk analysis matrix are used to analyze the risk. Firstly, this paper summarizes the research progress and industrial application of the HAZOP analysis method by investigating the domestic and foreign literature. The necessity of HAZOP quantitative analysis is expounded. Secondly, on the basis of summarizing domestic and foreign experts' quantitative analysis of HAZOP, this paper improves the method of HAZOP quantitative analysis, and puts forward a new method of HAZOP process simulation quantitative analysis. The "quantification" of this method mainly starts from two aspects: first, quantifying the deviation of HAZOP analysis, using the general process simulation software AspenPlus to simulate and calculate the process process analyzed, and obtaining the influence of different degrees of deviation on the process process of the process system. The second is the quantization of the results of HAZOP analysis. This paper puts forward a method of combining fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and risk evaluation matrix to quantify the accident consequences. That is, the probability of accidents and the severity of the consequences are determined by the expert scoring method, and the risk grade of the accident consequences is obtained by the risk evaluation matrix. Thirdly, on the basis of the above methods, In this paper, the Aspen-Excel-HAZOP assistant analysis software is developed by using the software integration technology. The software uses the VBA language to compile macro commands to call the Excel interface program Aspen Simulation Workbook provided by AspenPlus to transfer data between AspenPlus and Excel. The "deviation" and simulation results can be displayed directly in the Excel table, and the HAZOP analysis report can be formed automatically, so the efficiency and quality of HAZOP analysis can be improved significantly. Finally, the synthesis process of vinyl chloride and toluene are used in this paper. A typical chemical process, such as azeotropic distillation of methyl cyclohexane, was used for HAZOP quantitative analysis. The feasibility and reliability of the method are verified. The results show that this method can effectively overcome the fuzziness of traditional HAZOP qualitative analysis and improve the pertinence of the analysis results. It can clearly point out the weakness and risk grade of the evaluation system, find out the potential risk factors and the possible accident consequences in the system, and provide a reliable basis for the safety production management of the enterprise.
【學位授予單位】：青島科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ086

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本文編號：1510379