【摘要】：噴嘴是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃料供給系統(tǒng)的終端部件，其霧化質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣已經(jīng)成為影響能源利用效率和污染物排放水平的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素，因此開展噴嘴霧化過(guò)程研究對(duì)于噴嘴結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、提高發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的整體性能有著重要的意義。本文在借鑒內(nèi)燃機(jī)碰撞噴霧方式的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計(jì)了應(yīng)用于航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的碰撞噴霧噴嘴，并從噴嘴結(jié)構(gòu)和噴霧特性研究入手，探索利用碰撞噴霧來(lái)優(yōu)化航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃燒室油氣混合及過(guò)程的方法和效果。本文開展的具體研究工作如下: (1)設(shè)計(jì)了A-K十一種噴嘴方案，，其中A-I九種噴嘴保持相同的燃油進(jìn)口直徑、過(guò)渡段長(zhǎng)度及噴孔到碰撞面的距離，]A、B、C三種噴嘴的噴孔直徑不同，分別為0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm；D、E、F三種噴嘴較A噴嘴的不同之處是碰撞角度，分別為75°、85°、105°；G、F、I三種噴嘴的碰撞面弧度與A噴嘴不同，分比為5°、10°、15°。J、K兩種噴嘴與以上九種噴嘴的燃油進(jìn)口直徑、過(guò)渡段長(zhǎng)度相同，但碰撞距離不同，其中J噴嘴到碰撞面的距離為1mm，K噴嘴到碰撞面的距離為2mm，兩種噴嘴的其余參數(shù)與A噴嘴相同。 (2)在不同當(dāng)量比條件下對(duì)嘴的霧化特性進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬研究，結(jié)果表明：隨著當(dāng)量比的增大，SMD減小且逐漸趨于一個(gè)極值，在試驗(yàn)條件下，當(dāng)量比為0.4時(shí)，噴嘴霧化效果最好。 (3)通過(guò)對(duì)不同碰撞方案噴嘴的數(shù)值模擬研究表明：噴孔直徑、碰撞角度、碰撞面弧度、碰撞距離等參數(shù)對(duì)碰撞噴霧的空間分布及霧化特性具有較大影響；噴孔直徑為0.2mm較0.3mm和0.4mm更加有利于碰撞后噴霧發(fā)展和燃油霧化。隨著碰撞角度的增大，霧化效果并不是一直改進(jìn)，而是存在一個(gè)最佳值；在相同當(dāng)量比下SMD隨著碰撞面弧度的增大而增大，本文中碰撞面弧度為0°時(shí)噴嘴的霧化效果最好；此外，當(dāng)碰撞距離較小時(shí)，噴孔噴出的燃油初次霧化的空間較小，燃油與碰撞面的接觸面積較小，不利于燃油霧化，合適的碰撞距離較短的碰撞距離有更好的霧化效果，本文中碰撞距離為3mm時(shí)霧化效果最佳。 (4)為了進(jìn)一步分析近距碰撞式航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)噴嘴的霧化特性，本文對(duì)A噴嘴的流場(chǎng)、噴霧場(chǎng)及質(zhì)量分布情況及霧化室下游截面燃油霧化粒徑的分布情況進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析。結(jié)果表明，在碰撞柱下游距離碰撞柱100mm處的截面粒徑分布比較均勻。
[Abstract]:Nozzle is the terminal part of engine fuel supply system, and its atomization quality has become a key factor affecting energy utilization efficiency and pollutant emission level. Therefore, the nozzle atomization process is studied to optimize the nozzle structure. It is of great significance to improve the overall performance of the engine. In this paper, the impact spray nozzle used for aero-engine is designed on the basis of the impingement spray mode of internal combustion engine, and the structure and spray characteristic of the nozzle are studied. To explore the method and effect of using collision spray to optimize the mixture and process of gas and oil in the combustion chamber of aero-engine. The specific research work carried out in this paper is as follows: (1) eleven kinds of A-K nozzles are designed, in which nine A-I nozzles maintain the same fuel inlet diameter. The length of the transition section and the distance between the jet hole and the impact surface,] the diameter of the jet holes of the three nozzles AZBZC are different. The difference between the three kinds of nozzles (0.2mm / 0.3mm) and that of nozzles A is the collision angle. The arc of the impact surface of the three nozzles is different from that of the A-nozzles, which are 75 擄/ 85 擄/ 105 擄/ GfFI, respectively, and the diameter of the three kinds of nozzles are different from that of the A-nozzles. The fuel inlet diameters of the two nozzles with the ratio of 5 擄10 擄15 擄.JnK are the same as those of the above nine nozzles, and the length of the transition section is the same, but the collision distance is different. The distance from J nozzle to impact surface is 1 mm K nozzle to impact surface is 2 mm, and the other parameters of the two nozzles are the same as that of A nozzle. (2) the atomization characteristics of nozzle are numerically simulated under different equivalent ratios. The results show that with the increase of the equivalent ratio, the SMD decreases and tends to an extreme value. Under the experimental conditions, the equivalent ratio is 0.4. The atomization effect of the nozzle is the best. (3) through the numerical simulation of the nozzles with different impact schemes, it is shown that the diameter of the nozzle, the impact angle, the arc of the impact surface, The impact distance and other parameters have a great influence on the spatial distribution and atomization characteristics of the impact spray, and the nozzle diameter of 0.2mm is more favorable to the post-collision spray development and fuel atomization than 0.3mm and 0.4mm. With the increase of the impact angle, the atomization effect is not always improved, but there is an optimum value. At the same equivalent ratio, the spray effect of the nozzle is the best when the impact surface arc is 0 擄, and the SMD increases with the increase of the impact surface arc at the same equivalent ratio. In addition, when the impact distance is small, the initial atomization space is smaller, the contact area between the fuel and the impact surface is smaller, which is not conducive to fuel atomization, and the suitable impact distance with shorter impact distance has better atomization effect. In this paper, the atomization effect is the best when the collision distance is 3mm. (4) in order to further analyze the atomization characteristics of the jet nozzle of the short-range collisional aeroengine, the flow field of the A-nozzle is studied in this paper. The distribution of spray field and mass and the distribution of fuel atomization particle size in downstream section of atomizing chamber were analyzed in detail. The results show that the cross section particle size distribution is more uniform at the lower reaches of the impact column than the impact column 100mm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：V233.22

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