小行星探測軌道設(shè)計與優(yōu)化技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-16 18:16
【摘要】：隨著我國深空探測持續(xù)向前推進(jìn),開展對具有獨(dú)特科學(xué)價值的小行星的探測已經(jīng)成為深空探測技術(shù)發(fā)展的必然趨勢。雙小行星系統(tǒng)是眾多小行星類群中的一種特殊形式,大約有16%的近地小行星和主帶小行星屬于雙小行星系統(tǒng),該類小行星是我國未來小行星采樣返回任務(wù)的首選目標(biāo)。本文以小行星探測和防御任務(wù)為潛在的工程背景,對小行星探測任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移軌道設(shè)計與優(yōu)化、弱引力雙小行星系統(tǒng)引力場建模和雙小行星系統(tǒng)附近軌道動力學(xué)特性等進(jìn)行研究分析。首先,基于指數(shù)正弦曲線形狀法并利用遺傳算法對小推力小行星轉(zhuǎn)移軌道進(jìn)行了初始設(shè)計,繼而采用Radau偽譜法和序列二次規(guī)劃算法對小推力轉(zhuǎn)移軌道進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。采用指數(shù)正弦曲線法進(jìn)行小推力轉(zhuǎn)移軌道初始設(shè)計的關(guān)鍵是求解飛行時間約束方程,本文改進(jìn)提出了一種計算效率好且計算精度高的指數(shù)擬合法。然后,采用復(fù)雜度和精度依次遞增的球體-球體模型、橢球體-球體模型和改進(jìn)的限制性橢球體-橢球體模型對雙小行星系統(tǒng)的引力場進(jìn)行建模,并對不同引力場模型下的雙小行星系統(tǒng)平動點(diǎn)位置坐標(biāo)偏差和三角平動點(diǎn)的穩(wěn)定區(qū)域變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行了對比分析。針對引力勢函數(shù)模型中橢圓積分難以計算這一問題,采用了計算效率高、無積分環(huán)節(jié)的二階二次球諧函數(shù)模型來進(jìn)行引力勢計算,并比較驗證了其計算效率和準(zhǔn)確性。最后,本文采用構(gòu)造流函數(shù)方法來計算分析不同模型下的雙小行星系統(tǒng)共線平動點(diǎn)李雅普諾夫軌道及其不變流形。該方法不用求解近似解析解來作為計算初值,也不用求解狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣,便于編程實(shí)現(xiàn)。在李雅普諾夫軌道及其不變流形的基礎(chǔ)上,利用不變流形的漸進(jìn)性和方向性,設(shè)計了不同模型下的雙小行星系統(tǒng)捕獲軌道和逃逸軌道;并且,進(jìn)一步借助不變流形及其異宿連接,采用龐加萊截面法設(shè)計了雙小行星系統(tǒng)不同模型下的不同共線平動點(diǎn)李雅普諾夫軌道之間的低能轉(zhuǎn)移軌道。
[Abstract]:With the development of deep space exploration in China, the exploration of asteroids with unique scientific value has become an inevitable trend in the development of deep space exploration technology. Double asteroid system is a special form of many asteroid groups. About 16% of near-Earth asteroids and main belt asteroids belong to double asteroid system. This kind of asteroid is the preferred target for future asteroid sampling and return mission in China. Based on the potential engineering background of asteroid exploration and defense mission, this paper designs and optimizes the transfer orbit of asteroid exploration mission. The gravitational field modeling of the weak gravity double asteroid system and the dynamic characteristics of the orbit near the double asteroid system are studied and analyzed. Firstly, the initial design of small thrust asteroid transfer orbit is carried out based on exponential sine curve shape method and genetic algorithm, and then the small thrust transfer orbit is optimized by Radau pseudospectral method and sequential quadratic programming algorithm. The key to the initial design of small thrust transfer orbit by using exponential sine curve method is to solve the time-of-flight constraint equation. In this paper, an exponential fitting method with good computational efficiency and high accuracy is proposed. Then, the gravity field of the two-asteroid system is modeled by the spheric-sphere model, the ellipsoid-sphere model and the modified restricted ellipsoid-ellipsoid model with increasing complexity and accuracy. The coordinate deviation of the moving point and the stable regional variation of the triangulated translational point in the two-asteroid system under different gravitational field models are compared and analyzed. Aiming at the problem that elliptic integration is difficult to calculate in the model of gravitational potential function, a second-order spherical harmonic function model with high efficiency and no integral link is used to calculate the gravitational potential, and its calculation efficiency and accuracy are compared and verified. Finally, the Lyapunov orbits and their invariant manifolds of two asteroid systems with collinear translational points under different models are calculated and analyzed by using the method of constructing stream functions. This method does not need to solve the approximate analytical solution to calculate the initial value, nor need to solve the state transfer matrix, so it is easy to be realized by programming. On the basis of Lyapunov orbit and its invariant manifold, using the asymptotic and directivity of invariant manifold, two asteroid systems under different models are designed to capture orbit and escape orbit. Furthermore, with the help of invariant manifolds and their heteroclinic connections, the low energy transfer orbits between Lyapunov orbits at different collinear translational points under different models of double asteroid systems are designed by using the Poincare cross section method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：V412.41
，
本文編號：2127228
[Abstract]:With the development of deep space exploration in China, the exploration of asteroids with unique scientific value has become an inevitable trend in the development of deep space exploration technology. Double asteroid system is a special form of many asteroid groups. About 16% of near-Earth asteroids and main belt asteroids belong to double asteroid system. This kind of asteroid is the preferred target for future asteroid sampling and return mission in China. Based on the potential engineering background of asteroid exploration and defense mission, this paper designs and optimizes the transfer orbit of asteroid exploration mission. The gravitational field modeling of the weak gravity double asteroid system and the dynamic characteristics of the orbit near the double asteroid system are studied and analyzed. Firstly, the initial design of small thrust asteroid transfer orbit is carried out based on exponential sine curve shape method and genetic algorithm, and then the small thrust transfer orbit is optimized by Radau pseudospectral method and sequential quadratic programming algorithm. The key to the initial design of small thrust transfer orbit by using exponential sine curve method is to solve the time-of-flight constraint equation. In this paper, an exponential fitting method with good computational efficiency and high accuracy is proposed. Then, the gravity field of the two-asteroid system is modeled by the spheric-sphere model, the ellipsoid-sphere model and the modified restricted ellipsoid-ellipsoid model with increasing complexity and accuracy. The coordinate deviation of the moving point and the stable regional variation of the triangulated translational point in the two-asteroid system under different gravitational field models are compared and analyzed. Aiming at the problem that elliptic integration is difficult to calculate in the model of gravitational potential function, a second-order spherical harmonic function model with high efficiency and no integral link is used to calculate the gravitational potential, and its calculation efficiency and accuracy are compared and verified. Finally, the Lyapunov orbits and their invariant manifolds of two asteroid systems with collinear translational points under different models are calculated and analyzed by using the method of constructing stream functions. This method does not need to solve the approximate analytical solution to calculate the initial value, nor need to solve the state transfer matrix, so it is easy to be realized by programming. On the basis of Lyapunov orbit and its invariant manifold, using the asymptotic and directivity of invariant manifold, two asteroid systems under different models are designed to capture orbit and escape orbit. Furthermore, with the help of invariant manifolds and their heteroclinic connections, the low energy transfer orbits between Lyapunov orbits at different collinear translational points under different models of double asteroid systems are designed by using the Poincare cross section method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：V412.41
，
本文編號：2127228
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