本文選題：空間軸承 + 熱學(xué)特性��； 參考：《燕山大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：空間軸承是航天機構(gòu)的最基本組成部分,也是構(gòu)成其他組件的關(guān)鍵零部件。因此,空間軸承的可靠性是航天機構(gòu)正常運轉(zhuǎn)、實現(xiàn)預(yù)定功能和預(yù)計壽命的基礎(chǔ)保障。空間軸承長期工作于空間環(huán)境,高低溫、交變溫度、高真空、失重和強輻射等環(huán)境因素對其工作性能和使用壽命有明顯的負(fù)面影響,致使其失效模式主要包括地面環(huán)境中常見的失效模式和空間環(huán)境因素引發(fā)的特有失效模式。本文主要從理論角度出發(fā),研究空間軸承可靠性影響因素作用機理及其演化規(guī)律,揭示空間軸承面臨的失效模式及機理,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出消除或減緩環(huán)境因素激勵引起失效的方法和措施。本文以精密軸系中的空間軸承為研究對象,開展可靠性影響因素演化規(guī)律研究,主要研究內(nèi)容如下:針對空間軸承熱學(xué)特性,以滾動球軸承的擬靜力學(xué)、傳熱學(xué)以及摩擦生熱理論為基礎(chǔ),分析固體潤滑空間軸承的摩擦力矩和摩擦熱,構(gòu)建空間環(huán)境中空間軸承的熱傳遞網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,應(yīng)用有限元仿真、理論分析和實驗研究方法分別研究轉(zhuǎn)速、軸向載荷和交變溫度對空間軸承熱學(xué)特性的影響。針對空間軸承固體潤滑膜MoS2的磨損,基于滾動軸承的運動學(xué)、動力學(xué)和Archard磨損理論建立空間軸承的磨損模型和壽命模型,分別研究轉(zhuǎn)速和載荷對潤滑膜磨損深度的影響規(guī)律。在靜力學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上,考慮裝配偏差中徑向位置偏差,建立其和徑向載荷的關(guān)系,探究徑向位置偏差影響空間軸承內(nèi)、外圈溝道不同角位置的磨損狀況。針對空間軸承間隙的演化規(guī)律,從內(nèi)外圈配合、軸承溫升、預(yù)緊力和磨損等角度出發(fā),分別分析軸承間隙隨其演化規(guī)律�；趶椥粤W(xué),分析內(nèi)外圈過盈量擠壓內(nèi)外圈溝道變形,得到過盈量對軸承間隙的作用機理;依據(jù)載荷與變形的關(guān)系,揭示軸承間隙隨工作載荷變化的規(guī)律;在溝道磨損的基礎(chǔ),將磨損量折算成空間軸承半徑變化量,確定磨損后軸承新的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),分析磨損后滾珠變形量的變化,確定磨損后軸承間隙。針對空間軸承預(yù)緊力演化規(guī)律,從裝配狀況、磨損、交變溫度和工作載荷的角度出發(fā),分別分析空間軸承預(yù)緊力隨其演化規(guī)律。為保證對空間軸承精確施加軸向預(yù)緊力,在考慮配合處摩擦特性的基礎(chǔ)上,分析不同過盈量對初始預(yù)緊力與擰緊力矩關(guān)系的影響,并通過實驗對理論分析予以驗證。根據(jù)溝道磨損量,計算出空間軸承結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)變化量,依據(jù)變形協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系分析精密軸系中空間軸承內(nèi)滾珠變形量的變化量,得到預(yù)緊力隨磨損深度的演化規(guī)律�；跓崃W(xué)計算交變溫度引起精密軸系組件的尺寸和預(yù)緊力的變化,揭示預(yù)緊力隨交變溫度的變化規(guī)律。采用滾動軸承靜力學(xué)計算工作載荷下滾珠變形量的變化量,對變形量的變化量進(jìn)行分析,確定預(yù)緊力與工作載荷的關(guān)系。針對空間軸承失效模式,通過對空間軸承故障演化趨勢進(jìn)行研究,分析故障的形成因素及其作用機理。根據(jù)空間軸承和空間環(huán)境的特點,在運行過程中由于潤滑膜MoS2磨損導(dǎo)致空間軸承面臨著潤滑失效和預(yù)緊失效;在交變溫度的作用下,預(yù)測空間軸承可能面臨的預(yù)緊失效、精度失效、“卡滯”或“卡死”失效、自鎖現(xiàn)象、潤滑失效和過盈連接失效。搭建交變溫度影響預(yù)緊力的實驗平臺,開發(fā)預(yù)緊力測試軟件,驗證交變溫度影響預(yù)緊力的規(guī)律�；诳臻g軸承使用壽命,提出固體潤滑空間軸承預(yù)緊力優(yōu)化的新方法。針對交變溫度激勵預(yù)緊力變化,提出選取合適隔套材料來減緩或消除空間軸承熱預(yù)緊力的方法。為適應(yīng)交變溫度環(huán)境,提出一種運行可靠性區(qū)域設(shè)計方法,確定滿足可靠運行條件的初始裝配過盈量和預(yù)緊力。
[Abstract]:The space bearing is the most basic component of the space organization and the key component of the other components. Therefore, the reliability of the space bearing is the basic guarantee for the normal operation of the space organization, the realization of the predetermined function and the life expectancy. The space bearings work in the space environment, the high and low temperature, the alternating temperature, the high vacuum, the weight loss and the strong radiation for a long time. Environmental factors have obvious negative effects on their working performance and service life. The failure modes mainly include the common failure modes in the ground environment and the unique failure modes caused by the spatial environment factors. This paper mainly studies the mechanism and evolution of the influence factors of the reliability of the space bearing from the theoretical point of view. On the basis of this, the methods and measures for eliminating or slowing down the failure of the environmental factors are proposed on the basis of the failure mode and the mechanism of the space bearing. In this paper, the research object of the space bearing in the precision shafting is to carry out the research on the evolution law of the influence factors of the reliability. The main contents are as follows: in view of the thermal characteristics of the space bearing, the rolling is rolling. On the basis of the quasi static mechanics, heat transfer and friction generating theory of ball bearings, the friction torque and friction heat of solid lubrication space bearings are analyzed. The heat transfer network model of space bearings in space environment is constructed. Finite element simulation, theoretical analysis and experimental research methods are applied to study rotational speed, axial load and alternating temperature on the space axis respectively. In view of the influence of the thermal properties of the space bearing solid lubricating film MoS2, the wear model and life model of the space bearing are established based on the kinematics, dynamics and the Archard wear theory of the rolling bearing. The influence of the speed and load on the wear depth of the lubricating film is studied respectively. On the basis of statics, the diameter of the assembly deviation is considered. The relationship between the position deviation and the radial load is established, and the radial position deviation affects the wear condition of the different angle positions in the space bearing and the outer ring groove. In view of the evolution law of the space bearing clearance, the evolution law of the bearing clearance is analyzed with the angle of the inner and outer rings, the bearing temperature rise, the pretension force and the wear and so on. According to the relationship between the load and the deformation, the variation of the bearing clearance with the working load is revealed, and the wear amount is converted into the change of the radius of the spatial axle bearing radius, and the new structural parameter of the bearing after wear is determined. The change of the deformation of the ball after wear is analyzed, and the clearance of the bearing after wear is determined. According to the evolution law of the pretightening force of the space bearing, the evolution law of the pretightening force of the space bearing is analyzed from the angle of assembly, wear, alternating temperature and working load. In order to ensure the precise application of the axial pretension to the space bearing, the coordination of the bearing is considered. On the basis of the friction characteristics, the influence of the different interference amount on the initial pretightening force and the tightening torque is analyzed, and the theoretical analysis is verified by the experiment. According to the wear amount of the channel, the variation of the structural parameters of the space bearing is calculated. According to the deformation coordination relationship, the change amount of the ball deformation in the space bearing in the precision axis is analyzed. According to the change of the size and pre tightening force of the precision shafting components caused by the thermodynamic calculation of the change of the size and pretightening force of the precision shafting components, the variation of the pre tightening force with the alternating temperature is revealed. The change amount of the deformation of the ball rolling under the static calculation of the rolling bearing is calculated under the static calculation of the working load of the rolling bearing. According to the failure mode of space bearing, through the study of the evolution trend of the space bearing failure, the forming factors and the mechanism of the fault are analyzed. According to the characteristics of the space bearing and the space environment, the lubrication failure and pretension of the bearing space bearing of the lubricating film MoS2 is faced with the lubrication failure and the pretension in the operation process. Under the action of the alternating temperature, the prediction of the pretightening failure, the failure of the precision, the failure of "card stagnation" or "card death", the self locking phenomenon, the lubrication failure and the interference of the interference connection are predicted, and the experimental platform of the alternating temperature affecting the pretightening force is set up, and the pretightening test software is developed to verify the law of the influence of the alternating temperature on the pretightening force. A new method for optimizing the pretightening force of solid lubrication space bearing is put forward by the service life of the space bearing. Aiming at the change of the pre tightening force of the alternating temperature, a method is put forward to reduce or eliminate the thermal pretightening force of the space bearing by selecting suitable spacer material to reduce or eliminate the thermal pretightening force of the space bearing. In order to adapt to the temperature environment of the alternating temperature, a method of regional design for the reliability of transportation is proposed, and the reliability of the method is determined to satisfy the reliability. The initial assembly interference and pretightening force of the operating conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：V423

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