本文選題：無損檢測(cè) + 特征成像�。� 參考：《南昌航空大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：飛機(jī)油箱是飛機(jī)的源力系統(tǒng),其主要任務(wù)是貯存燃油并為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)供應(yīng)燃料,確保發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在飛行過程中的穩(wěn)定性。目前,飛機(jī)油箱蒙皮焊接主要采用攪拌摩擦焊技術(shù),該技術(shù)具有優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、低耗、變形小、無污染等優(yōu)點(diǎn),廣泛應(yīng)用于薄板焊接技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。在飛機(jī)油箱蒙皮的焊接過程中,由于人為選擇焊接工藝參數(shù)不當(dāng)及環(huán)境因素影響[34],焊縫內(nèi)會(huì)出現(xiàn)緊貼、細(xì)小和取向復(fù)雜的缺陷,這些缺陷往往會(huì)造成母材間的脫落和漏油的安全隱患,給國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)帶來巨大損失。無損檢測(cè)是一種有效的質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)手段,可以幫助企業(yè)篩選出合格的飛機(jī)油箱,進(jìn)而提高飛機(jī)油箱在使用過程中的安全性和可靠性。課題針對(duì)飛機(jī)油箱焊縫中的常見缺陷問題,在傳統(tǒng)飛機(jī)油箱焊縫手動(dòng)超聲檢測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合自動(dòng)化檢測(cè)技術(shù),研制出多探頭多角度的超聲特征成像檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)對(duì)多通道的超聲全波列檢測(cè)信號(hào)進(jìn)行分析和處理,以缺陷信號(hào)的回波幅值和相位信息為特征參量進(jìn)行超聲特征成像,以直觀的圖像形式顯現(xiàn)出缺陷的位置和大小。通過設(shè)計(jì)高精度的機(jī)電控制系統(tǒng),確保機(jī)械傳動(dòng)精度優(yōu)于0.2mm;系統(tǒng)適用于焊縫內(nèi)緊貼、細(xì)小和取向復(fù)雜的缺陷檢測(cè)。對(duì)于緊貼型缺陷,系統(tǒng)可以檢測(cè)出距焊縫表面0.1mm內(nèi)的緊貼型缺陷。對(duì)于細(xì)小、取向復(fù)雜的缺陷,系統(tǒng)可以檢測(cè)出壁厚0.3mm的縱向缺陷;實(shí)驗(yàn)中采用橫波和縱波聯(lián)合檢測(cè)方式,超聲波從不同角度對(duì)同一缺陷進(jìn)行檢測(cè),杜絕了缺陷的漏檢和誤判,同時(shí)提高靈敏度和分辨率。檢測(cè)完成之后,可以回調(diào)歷史檢測(cè)記錄,供檢測(cè)人員對(duì)有異議的檢測(cè)結(jié)果重新審閱。論文主要介紹飛機(jī)油箱焊縫超聲特征成像檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的檢測(cè)原理、特點(diǎn)和方法,并基于油箱焊縫檢測(cè)要求設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的探頭組支架和機(jī)電控制系統(tǒng),完成飛機(jī)油箱焊縫的自動(dòng)化檢測(cè)控制。制作帶有人工缺陷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試樣,獲得特征圖像,驗(yàn)證了系統(tǒng)的檢測(cè)能力和檢測(cè)精度等。
[Abstract]:The main task of the aircraft fuel tank is to store fuel and supply fuel to the engine to ensure the stability of the engine during flight. At present, friction stir welding (FSW) technology is mainly used in aircraft fuel tank skin welding, which has the advantages of high quality, high efficiency, low consumption, low deformation, no pollution and so on, so it is widely used in the field of thin plate welding. In the welding process of aircraft fuel tank skin, due to the improper selection of welding process parameters and the influence of environmental factors [34], there will be defects in the weld seam, which are tight, fine and complex orientation. These defects often lead to the loss of base materials and oil spills, resulting in huge losses to national property. Non-destructive testing (NDT) is an effective means of quality evaluation, which can help enterprises to screen out qualified aircraft fuel tanks and improve the safety and reliability of aircraft fuel tanks in the process of operation. Aiming at the common defects in the welding seam of aircraft fuel tank, a multi-probe and multi-angle ultrasonic characteristic imaging detection system is developed on the basis of traditional ultrasonic inspection of aircraft fuel tank welding seam and automatic detection technology. The multi-channel ultrasonic full-wave train detection signal is analyzed and processed. The echo amplitude and phase information of the defect signal are taken as the characteristic parameters for ultrasonic feature imaging. The position and size of the defect are displayed in the form of visual image. The high precision electromechanical control system is designed to ensure the accuracy of mechanical transmission is better than 0.2 mm. The system is suitable for the defect detection of tight, fine and complex orientation inside the weld. For the fastening type defect, the system can detect the fastening type defect in the 0.1mm from the weld surface. The longitudinal defect of 0.3mm with wall thickness can be detected by the system for the small and complex orientation. In the experiment, the same defect is detected from different angles by ultrasonic wave combined with S-wave and P-wave, and the missing detection and misjudgment of the defect are eliminated. At the same time, the sensitivity and resolution are improved. Upon completion of the test, the history of the test can be callback for reexamination of dissenting test results. This paper mainly introduces the detection principle, characteristics and methods of ultrasonic characteristic imaging detection system for aircraft fuel tank weld seam, and designs the corresponding probe support and electromechanical control system based on the inspection requirements of oil tank weld seam. Complete the automatic inspection and control of the welding seam of the aircraft fuel tank. The standard samples with artificial defects are made and the feature images are obtained. The detection ability and accuracy of the system are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：V228.11

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