【摘要】：海洋環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性和不確定性易對(duì)海洋平臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)造成不利影響,對(duì)平臺(tái)的安全運(yùn)營形成隱患。為了保障平臺(tái)的安全作業(yè),優(yōu)化平臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),需要對(duì)海洋平臺(tái)實(shí)施長期現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)。市場(chǎng)上的很多傳感器由于自身的一些特點(diǎn),比如外部封裝、通信方式、價(jià)格等,無法滿足海洋平臺(tái)監(jiān)測(cè)的需求。所以有必要根據(jù)海洋平臺(tái)監(jiān)測(cè)需求開發(fā)平臺(tái)監(jiān)測(cè)專用的測(cè)量裝置。 本文以南�！疤魬�(zhàn)”號(hào)為背景,針對(duì)平臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)和氣候環(huán)境特點(diǎn),對(duì)海洋平臺(tái)監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)及測(cè)量裝置進(jìn)行了研究,提出了一套深海浮式平臺(tái)監(jiān)測(cè)方案,并開發(fā)了兩款適用于平臺(tái)監(jiān)測(cè)的測(cè)量裝置：自容式系泊測(cè)量裝置和航姿參考系統(tǒng)。針對(duì)系泊鏈的姿態(tài)和位置開發(fā)了自容式系泊測(cè)量裝置。該裝置內(nèi)部高精度的傳感器和高分辨率的ADC確保了儀器的精度。從硬件和軟件兩方面進(jìn)行低功耗設(shè)計(jì),最大限度地延長電池使用壽命。經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)定與性能測(cè)試,保證裝置的穩(wěn)定性與準(zhǔn)確性。針對(duì)浮體的姿態(tài)開發(fā)了航姿參考系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)由三軸加速度計(jì)、三軸陀螺儀和三軸磁強(qiáng)計(jì)組成,采用四元數(shù)法解算姿態(tài),并通過卡爾曼濾波器進(jìn)行信息融合來補(bǔ)償四元數(shù)法的誤差。對(duì)主要誤差來源陀螺儀的漂移進(jìn)行了小波降噪處理,提高解算精度。經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證該航姿參考系統(tǒng)能夠正確的反映載體的姿態(tài)信息,證明了組成方案的可行性和算法的正確性。 目前,該監(jiān)測(cè)方案已經(jīng)在南�！疤魬�(zhàn)”號(hào)平臺(tái)實(shí)施了兩年時(shí)間,獲得了大量寶貴的監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),證實(shí)了監(jiān)測(cè)方案的可行性和正確性。自容式系泊測(cè)量裝置已多次應(yīng)用于系泊監(jiān)測(cè)。通過對(duì)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的分析驗(yàn)證了該裝置性能穩(wěn)定可靠、測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)真實(shí)可信、儀器精度和分辨率能夠滿足海洋平臺(tái)系泊監(jiān)測(cè)需求。
[Abstract]:The complexity and uncertainty of the marine environment can affect the structure of the offshore platform and cause hidden trouble to the safe operation of the platform. In order to ensure the safe operation of the platform and optimize the design of the platform structure, it is necessary to carry out long-term on-site monitoring of the offshore platform. Many sensors in the market can not meet the needs of offshore platform monitoring because of their own characteristics, such as external packaging, communication mode, price and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a special measuring device for platform monitoring according to the requirements of offshore platform monitoring. Based on the "Challenge" of the South China Sea and the characteristics of platform structure and climate environment, the monitoring technology and measuring device of offshore platform are studied in this paper, and a set of monitoring scheme of deep-sea floating platform is put forward. Two measuring devices suitable for platform monitoring are developed: self-contained mooring measuring device and attitude reference system. A self-contained mooring measuring device is developed for the attitude and position of mooring chain. The high-precision sensor and high-resolution ADC ensure the accuracy of the instrument. Low power design from hardware and software to maximize battery life. After strict calibration and performance testing to ensure the stability and accuracy of the device. Aiming at the attitude of floating body, the attitude reference system is developed. The system consists of three axis accelerometers, three axis gyroscopes and three axis magnetometers. The quaternion method is used to calculate the attitude and the Kalman filter is used for information fusion to compensate the error of the quaternion method. The drift of gyroscope, the main error source, is reduced by wavelet to improve the accuracy of calculation. Experimental results show that the attitude reference system can accurately reflect the attitude information of the carrier, which proves the feasibility of the scheme and the correctness of the algorithm. At present, the monitoring scheme has been implemented in the South China Sea "Challenge" platform for two years, and a large number of valuable monitoring data have been obtained, which proves the feasibility and correctness of the monitoring scheme. The self-contained mooring measuring device has been used in mooring monitoring many times. Through the analysis of the monitoring data, it is proved that the device is stable and reliable, the measuring data is true and reliable, and the precision and resolution of the instrument can meet the requirements of the mooring monitoring of offshore platform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P752;TP274

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