本文選題：光學性質(zhì) + 影響機制　； 參考：《中國海洋大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：海洋水體光學性質(zhì)的變化及其影響機制的研究對于建立高精度的水色遙感反演方法、利用光學手段監(jiān)測懸浮顆粒物的動態(tài)變化、預測水下能見度的變化以及利用光學手段研究短時間尺度的海洋和天氣過程對水體的影響具有重要的意義。本研究利用現(xiàn)場廣泛測量的光學性質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù),深入認識黃渤海水體光學性質(zhì)變化的時間(季節(jié))和空間(水平及垂直)分布特征;并結(jié)合同步測量的水文及生物地球化學參數(shù)等數(shù)據(jù)所揭示的海洋過程分析了黃渤海水體光學性質(zhì)季節(jié)和空間變化的主要影響機制：然后以影響機制為基礎,定量化光學性質(zhì)變化與水體光學活性組分的關系。在上述研究的基礎上,利用在黃渤海廣泛測量的光學數(shù)據(jù)研究了光學性質(zhì)的光譜依賴性關系,并構(gòu)建了黃渤海水體光學性質(zhì)參數(shù)化模型。最后利用沙塵暴期間的定點周日測量分析了沙塵暴對水體光學性質(zhì)的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.黃渤海水體光學性質(zhì)變化主要由潮波所致的底部沉積物再懸浮、水體垂向混合及浮游植物生長的生物過程所影響。具體影響機制如下：春季,水體的垂向混合動力開始降低,層化現(xiàn)象開始出現(xiàn),層化結(jié)構(gòu)的出現(xiàn)進一步降低了水體的垂向混合動力,使得底部受潮波所致再懸浮的沉積物的上移受限,由于春季具備適宜浮游植物生長所需的條件,浮游植物得以開始大量生長,對于深水區(qū),其上層水體的光學性質(zhì)主要由浮游植物生長的生物過程所影響,其底層水體主要由潮波所致的底部沉積物的再懸浮過程所影響,對于淺水區(qū),由于水深較淺,同等外部條件下,其垂向混合動力較之深水區(qū)較強,層化效應相對也較弱,底層再懸浮的沉積物較之深水區(qū)更易上移至上層水體,因此對于淺水區(qū),上層水體的光學性質(zhì)除受浮游植物生長的生物過程影響外,還受底部沉積物的再懸浮過程所影響。夏季,水體的層化效應得到進一步加強,黃渤海大部分水域的上層水體的光學性質(zhì)主要由浮游植物生長的生物過程所影響。秋冬季節(jié),水體層化效應減弱,垂向混合作用較強,深度小于50m的水體垂向混合慢慢均勻,對于深度大于50m的水域,由于水深較深,強混合作用仍不能使得水體上下混合均勻,但強混合作用使得上混合層深度較深,上混合層底部距海底較近,底部再懸浮的沉積物易通過躍層進入上混合層水體,但對于特別深的水體如黃海海槽附近水體,雖然上混合層底部距海底較近,但由于水深更深,躍層相對較強,底部再懸浮的沉積物依然很難突破躍層進入上混合層,因此對于秋冬季節(jié),除黃海海槽附近水域上層水體的光學性質(zhì)依然受浮游植物生物過程影響外,大部分水體的光學性質(zhì)逐漸由底部沉積物的再懸浮過程所影響。2.直接引起黃渤海水體光學性質(zhì)變化的主要光學活性組分是水體中的懸浮顆粒物。光學性質(zhì)與懸浮顆粒物的關系依賴于懸浮顆粒物的類型,對于后向散射比大于0.015的水體,水體中的顆粒物主要以無機顆粒物為主,光學性質(zhì)與懸浮顆粒物濃度具有較好的相關關系,平均相關系數(shù)約為0.97；對于后向散射比小于0.009的水體,水體中的顆粒物主要以浮游植物顆粒為主,其光學性質(zhì)與葉綠素濃度具有較好的相關關系,平均相關系數(shù)約為0.87。3.對于春季南黃海中部上混合層水體,當沙塵暴發(fā)生時,沉降于水體的沙塵顆粒對散射的貢獻取決于沙塵暴的強度,氣溶膠光學厚度約為2.5的沙塵暴所引起的沙塵顆粒沉降導致的水體顆粒物散射系數(shù)在532nm處的增加量約為0.14m-1；此外,沉降于上混合層水體內(nèi)的沙塵顆粒的沉降速度較快,伴隨著沙塵暴的結(jié)束,約結(jié)束后的3個小時內(nèi),上混合層水體內(nèi)的沙塵顆粒便沉降到底層：另外研究結(jié)果間接揭示出大氣沉降對光學性質(zhì)變化的影響在無沙塵暴發(fā)生時可近似認為0。
[Abstract]:The study of the changes in the optical properties of marine water and its influence mechanism is important for the establishment of high precision water color remote sensing inversion method, the use of optical means to monitor the dynamic changes of suspended particles, the prediction of the changes in underwater visibility and the influence of the ocean and weather processes on the short time scale by using optical means to study the water body. In this study, the time (season) and spatial (horizontal and vertical) distribution characteristics of the changes in the optical properties of the yellow and Bohai water bodies are thoroughly understood by using the optical properties of the widely measured field, and the seasonal and space of the optical properties of the yellow and Bohai water bodies are analyzed by the oceanic process revealed by the data of hydrologic and biogeochemical parameters measured synchronously. The main influence mechanism of inter change: then based on the influence mechanism, the relationship between the change of optical properties and the optical active components of water body is quantified. On the basis of the above study, the optical properties of the optical properties of the yellow and Bohai water body are studied by using the optical data widely measured in yellow and yellow Bohai, and the parameterized model of the optical properties of the Yellow River water body is constructed. Finally, the effects of dust storms on the optical properties of water bodies were analyzed using a fixed Sunday survey during the dust storm. The main results are as follows: 1. the changes in optical properties of 1. yellow water bodies are mainly influenced by the sediment resuspension caused by tidal waves, the vertical mixing of water bodies and the biological processes of phytoplankton growth. In the spring, the vertical hybrid power of the water body begins to decrease, and the stratification begins to appear. The emergence of the stratification will further reduce the vertical mixing of the water body, which makes the upshift of the sediment suspended from the bottom of the tidal wave limited. As a result of the conditions necessary for the growth of phytoplankton in the spring, the phytoplankton can start a large number of plants. For the deep water, the optical properties of the upper water body are mainly influenced by the biological process of the phytoplankton growth. The bottom water body is mainly influenced by the resuspension process of the bottom sediments caused by tidal waves. For shallow water, the vertical hybrid power is stronger than the deep water area and the stratification effect is stronger than that in the deep water area. In the shallow water, the optical properties of the upper water body are affected by the biological process of phytoplankton growth and the resuspension process of the bottom sediments. In the summer, the stratification effect of the water body is further strengthened, and the large part of the Yellow Bohai region. The optical properties of the upper water body in the sub waters are mainly influenced by the biological process of the phytoplankton growth. In the autumn and winter season, the effect of the water layer is weakened, the vertical mixing is stronger, the vertical mixing of the water body with depth less than 50m is slowly uniform. For the waters with depth greater than 50m, the strong mixing can not make the water mixing up and down because of the deep water depth. It is uniform, but strong mixing makes the upper mixing layer deep, the bottom of the upper mixing layer is closer to the bottom of the sea, and the bottom suspended sediment is easy to enter the upper mixed layer water through the levitate layer, but for the special deep water body, such as the water in the Huang Haihai trough, although the bottom of the upper layer is closer to the bottom of the sea, the depth of the water is deeper and the cline is relatively stronger. In the autumn and winter, the optical properties of the upper water body in the waters near the Yellow Sea and sea trough are still affected by the biological process of phytoplankton in the autumn and winter seasons. The optical properties of most water bodies are gradually influenced by the resuspension process of the bottom sediments by.2. directly caused by the Huang Bo sea water. The main optical active components of the changes in the optical properties of the body are suspended particles in the water body. The relationship between the optical properties and the suspended particles depends on the type of suspended particles. For the water body with a backscatter ratio greater than 0.015, the particles in the water body are mainly inorganic particles, and the optical properties and the concentration of suspended particles are better. The correlation coefficient is about 0.97, and for the water body with the backscatter ratio less than 0.009, the main particles in the water body are mainly phytoplankton particles, and the optical properties have a good correlation with the chlorophyll concentration. The average correlation coefficient is about 0.87.3. for the upper mixed layer water in the middle of the South Yellow Sea in spring, when the dust storm occurs. The contribution of sand dust particles settling in water to the scattering depends on the strength of dust storm. The increase of the scattering coefficient of particles in the 532nm is about 0.14m-1, and the sedimentation rate of sand particles in the water body of the upper mixing layer is more than that of the dust particles. Fast, with the end of the dust storm, the dust particles in the upper mixed layer of water will settle down to the bottom within 3 hours after the end of the end. The results indirectly reveal that the effect of atmospheric deposition on the change of optical properties can be approximately 0. in the absence of dust storms.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P733

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