本文選題：黃海 + 海氣熱量和動量通量　； 參考：《南京信息工程大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文重點探討寒潮強烈天氣過程對我國黃海海域海氣界面熱量和動量通量的影響。利用CFSR大氣海洋再分析資料分析了2009-2013年5年間在寒潮活躍期海氣要素及熱、動量通量的多年月平均時空分布特征；利用中央氣象臺micaps資料統(tǒng)計2009-2013年黃海海域寒潮天氣過程發(fā)生的頻次、強度及影響路徑,并統(tǒng)計分析了在寒潮過程中熱、動量通量發(fā)生顯著變化；最后通過FVCOM區(qū)域海流模式與FVCOM-SWAVE浪流耦合模式模擬典型寒潮過程黃海海域海氣要素及海氣熱、動量通量對其的響應特征,對比分析寒潮要素特別是風浪要素對海氣熱、動量通量傳輸的影響作用。(1)首先寒潮活躍期是指當年的11月、12月及次年的1月、2月、3月這五個月份,在寒潮活躍期受海表大風、海氣溫差及海洋環(huán)流等因子的影響,動量通量交換強烈,熱通量失熱狀態(tài)顯著。動量通量在12月與1月傳輸最強烈,最大值位于黃海東部區(qū)域為0.14 N/m2,而春季3月則減弱為0.1 N/m2以下；熱通量在冬季一月份表現出強烈的失熱狀態(tài),失熱中心也位于黃海東部,最大值為-250W/m2,春季3月份熱通量強度減弱到-50 W/m2左右。(2)統(tǒng)計2009-2013年影響黃海海域的寒潮,發(fā)生寒潮頻次最高的月份是11月和12月,最低的月份是1月。寒潮影響黃海的路徑主要分為兩種：一種是偏北路徑,此路徑寒潮冷空氣距源地近,通常從極地取最短路徑南下影響我國黃渤海,偏北風為主,寒潮在海域東北部強于西南部；另一種是偏西路徑,此路徑寒潮雖然冷空氣源地緯度相對偏低,但在其東進途中有冷空氣加入,亦可以在華東地區(qū)造成大風和顯著降溫,此類寒潮入侵我國東部海域時,偏西北風為主,往往南部強度較強。在寒潮發(fā)生期間海氣熱、動量通量輸送比多年平均狀況會顯著增強,偏北路寒潮過程中海氣熱通量比多年月平均值增大1-6倍,動量通量增大1-5倍；偏西路寒潮中海氣熱通量比多年月平均值增大1-4倍,動量通量增大1-5倍。(3)選取典型偏北路寒潮與偏西路寒潮進行數值模擬,由于寒潮冷空氣強度與影響路徑的差異,海氣熱量和動量通量的響應特征差異明顯：在偏北路寒潮中,冷鋒呈緯向入侵黃海,東部強于西部,造成海域東部為熱量和動量通量大值區(qū),由于偏北路寒潮的冷空氣強度大,熱量和動量通量的響應也更為強烈。偏西路寒潮過程中冷空氣緯度偏低,冷空氣自西向東推進,冷鋒呈經向入侵黃海,南部強于北部,相應的海面熱量和動量通量在黃海南部形成大值區(qū),但熱量和動量通量響應弱于偏北路寒潮,偏西路徑寒潮動量通量強度較偏北路徑弱約1/4,而熱通量則弱大約1/2。(4)對比不同波浪狀況的FVCOM-SWAVE耦合數值模擬結果與FVCOM控制實驗數值模擬結果,進一步探討風浪要素對海氣熱、動量通量的影響,結果顯示：由于風浪使海表粗糙度加大,海水混合增強,造成無論是偏北路寒潮還是偏西路寒潮,風浪作用均增大海氣間熱、動量通量的交換傳輸,結果與實況更加接近。當風浪進一步增大到1.5倍,動量通量最大值增大約60%,熱通量增大10-160 W/m2；而風浪減弱則會削弱海氣間熱、動量通量的交換傳輸,當風浪減弱0.5倍,動量通量最大值則減弱了約20%,熱通量減小10-55 W/m2左右。風浪作用對熱動量通量傳輸的影響特征為相對于同樣的變化量,風浪增大時通量增量顯著強于風浪減小時的通量減量。風浪在黃海不同區(qū)域對熱、動量通量的影響也有所差別,對三個關鍵緯度的緯向平均顯示,偏北路寒潮在風浪的作用下,動量通量增幅在12.5%-18%,熱通量增幅在5%-10%；偏西路寒潮動量通量增幅為2.6%-3%,熱通量增幅在3%-16%。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the influence of the cold wave intense weather process on the heat and momentum flux at the sea air interface in the the Yellow Sea sea area of China. By using the reanalysis data of the CFSR atmosphere ocean, the characteristics of the annual and spatial temporal and spatial distribution of the air sea air elements and the heat and momentum flux in the active period of the cold tide during the 2009-2013 years and 5 years are analyzed, and the statistics of the Central Meteorological Station MICAPS data are used to make a statistical analysis. The frequency, intensity and influence path of the cold tide weather process in the the Yellow Sea sea area in 009-2013, and the statistical analysis of the significant changes in the heat and momentum flux during the cold tide process. Finally, the air sea air elements and sea air heat in the the Yellow Sea sea area are simulated by the coupling model of the FVCOM regional ocean current and the FVCOM-SWAVE wave flow. (1) the first cold wave active period is the November, December and January, February, March, the five months, which are influenced by the sea surface wind, the sea temperature difference and the ocean circulation, and the exchange of momentum flux in the active period of the cold tide. Strong heat flux lost heat. Momentum flux was transmitted most strongly in December and January. The maximum value was 0.14 N/m2 in the eastern region of the Yellow Sea and less than 0.1 N/m2 in spring March; heat flux showed a strong heat loss in January, and the center of heat loss was located in Eastern the Yellow Sea. The maximum value was -250W/m2 and spring March heat pass. The intensity is reduced to about -50 W/m2. (2) the 2009-2013 year cold tide affects the cold tide in the Yellow Sea sea area. The highest month of the cold tide is November and December, the lowest month is January. The cold tide affects the the Yellow Sea path mainly divided into two kinds: one is the North path, the cold wave cold air is near the source, usually the shortest path from the pole to the south. The north wind is stronger in the Yellow Bohai, and the cold tide is stronger in the northeast of the sea area. The other is the westward path. Although the cold air is relatively low in the cold air, the cold air is added to the east of China, and it can also cause great wind and cool down in East China. When this cold tide invade the eastern waters of China, it can be West and west of China. In the cold tide, the sea air heat flux is 1-6 times more than that of the year and the momentum flux increases 1-5 times, and the momentum of the Zhongxi road is 1-4 times more than that of the year. The flux increases 1-5 times. (3) the numerical simulation of the cold wave and the westward cold wave in the typical North Road is carried out. Due to the difference between the cold air intensity and the influence path of the cold tide, the difference of the response characteristics of the heat and momentum flux of the sea air is obvious: in the cold wave in the northward Road, the cold front is intruded in the Yellow Sea and the East is stronger than the west, resulting in the heat and movement in the east of the sea area. Because of the large cold air intensity in the northward Road, the response of the heat and momentum flux is stronger. The cold air latitudes are low and the cold air moves eastward from west to the East during the cold wave process in the West. The cold front is invading the Yellow Sea and the south is stronger than the North, and the corresponding sea surface heat and momentum flux forms a large value area in the yellow and Hainan region. The response of heat and momentum flux is weaker than the cold wave in the northward road. The momentum flux of the westward path cold wave is about 1/4 weaker than the North path, while the heat flux is about 1/2. (4). The numerical simulation results of FVCOM-SWAVE coupling in different wave conditions and the numerical simulation results of the FVCOM control experiment are compared, and the wind and wave elements are further discussed on the air and sea heat and momentum flux. The results show that the wind wave makes the sea surface roughness increase and the sea water mixture increases, which causes the cold wave in the north road or the cold wave in the westward road. The wind and wave effect increases the heat of the sea air, the exchange of momentum flux, and the result is closer to the actual condition. When the wind and wave increase to 1.5 times, the maximum momentum flux increases about 60%, the heat flux is about 60%. The increase of 10-160 W/m2, and the weakening of wind and waves will weaken the exchange and transfer of the air and sea air and momentum flux. When the wind and wave weaken 0.5 times, the maximum momentum flux decreases by about 20% and the heat flux decreases about 10-55 W/m2. The wind wave effect on the heat flux transmission is relative to the same change amount, and the flux increment is significant when the wind and wave increase. The effect of wind and wave on the heat and momentum flux is also different in different regions of the Yellow Sea. The latitude of the three key latitudes shows that the momentum flux increases at 12.5%-18%, the heat flux increases at 5%-10%, and the momentum flux of the cold wave in the west road is 2.6%-3% and heat flux. The increase in 3%-16%.
【學位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P425.54;P732.6
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本文編號：2109842