本文選題：走錨 + 海底管線　； 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著陸上石油資源日漸枯竭,近海石油和天然氣工業(yè)迅速發(fā)展,海底管線得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。但與此同時(shí)海上漁業(yè)和船舶運(yùn)輸業(yè)的發(fā)展,導(dǎo)致船舶航線與海底管線區(qū)域重疊交錯(cuò),船舶拋錨和拖錨導(dǎo)致海底管線損傷甚至油氣泄露的事故頻繁發(fā)生,使得關(guān)于海底管線保護(hù)的研究迫在眉睫。保護(hù)海底管線的工程措施有很多,其中開挖倒梯形溝槽埋置管線并覆蓋碎石是較為經(jīng)濟(jì)可行的一種,但是目前國內(nèi)外對這種保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的保護(hù)效果和機(jī)理研究較少。本文針對三種不同質(zhì)量(5.7kg、23.9kg、70.5kg)的模型錨進(jìn)行了十次拖錨試驗(yàn),通過水平拖動(dòng)錨體在細(xì)砂中運(yùn)動(dòng)直至進(jìn)入碎石保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu),觀察錨的運(yùn)動(dòng)姿態(tài)并測量錨的豎向位置和錨抓力的變化,總結(jié)出錨的一般運(yùn)動(dòng)過程,驗(yàn)證了碎石保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的保護(hù)效果。通過觀察錨的運(yùn)動(dòng)過程、分析錨的受力變化,運(yùn)用庫倫被動(dòng)土壓力理論得到了碎石結(jié)構(gòu)保護(hù)作用的保護(hù)機(jī)理,對錨和土的相互作用有了較深刻的理解。在模型試驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用有限元軟件ABAQUS建立錨和土體模型,將土體耦合為歐拉體,模擬單一細(xì)砂和從細(xì)砂進(jìn)入碎石兩種工況下的拖錨過程。計(jì)算結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果具有較好的一致性,進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了碎石保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的保護(hù)效果,也說明這種模擬方法是可行的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the depletion of onshore oil resources and the rapid development of offshore oil and gas industry, submarine pipelines have been widely used. But at the same time, the development of marine fishery and ship transportation industry leads to the overlapping of ship route and submarine pipeline area, and the accidents of ship anchoring and towing anchor lead to submarine pipeline damage and even oil and gas leakage frequently. It is urgent to study the protection of submarine pipelines. There are many engineering measures to protect submarine pipelines, among which excavating inverted trapezoidal trench buried pipelines and covering with crushed stone is more economical and feasible. But at present, there are few researches on the protective effect and mechanism of this protection structure at home and abroad. In this paper, three kinds of model anchors with different mass (5.7kg / 23.9 kg / 70.5kg) have been tested ten times by dragging the anchors horizontally through the fine sand until they enter the gravel protection structure, observing the motion attitude of the anchors and measuring the vertical position of the anchors and the variation of the anchor force. The general motion process of anchor is summarized, and the protective effect of gravel protection structure is verified. By observing the motion process of the anchor and analyzing the force change of the anchor, the protective mechanism of the gravel structure is obtained by using the Coulomb passive earth pressure theory, and the interaction between the anchor and the soil is deeply understood. On the basis of model test, the finite element software Abaqus is used to establish anchor and soil model, and the soil is coupled to Euler body to simulate the process of dragging anchor under single fine sand and from fine sand to gravel. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which further proves the protective effect of the gravel protection structure and the feasibility of the simulation method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P756.2

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本文編號(hào)：2054580