本文選題：人工上升流 + 溫度　； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在我國東海表層海域中,營養(yǎng)鹽在近岸海域分布極高,但僅限于靠岸的狹長海域,在50m以深的陸架區(qū),營養(yǎng)鹽含量低,無法滿足浮游生物的需求。深層海水溫度低且含有豐富的營養(yǎng)鹽,上升流可將其提升至表層,這樣可以改變周圍海域水體溫度和營養(yǎng)鹽等的分布,從而改善海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境,提高海洋初級生產(chǎn)力。目前人工上升流技術(shù)是國內(nèi)外海洋科學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)與前沿,但是國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)少,各方面研究相對獨(dú)立,關(guān)于環(huán)境效應(yīng)的研究以及如何監(jiān)測和進(jìn)行評價(jià)比較少見。本文針對氣力人工上升流,圍繞環(huán)境效應(yīng)的監(jiān)測和評估,從以下幾個方面展開： 前期為了驗(yàn)證“淺層注氣理論”的提升效果和上升流過程對環(huán)境效應(yīng)的影響,課題組成員在千島湖地區(qū)進(jìn)行了兩次湖試監(jiān)測研究,試驗(yàn)過程中采用單點(diǎn)和立體監(jiān)測相結(jié)合的方法,成功測得了在不同噴嘴形狀、注氣量和管徑條件下的溫度、溶解氧、葉綠素a和pH等參數(shù)隨時(shí)間的變化。 溫度和營養(yǎng)鹽是水體最好的“指示劑”,也是重要的環(huán)境參數(shù)。在湖試監(jiān)測的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用計(jì)算流體力學(xué)對上升流系統(tǒng)周圍水體溫度和營養(yǎng)鹽進(jìn)行了仿真模擬研究。仿真時(shí)水體分為湖水和海水兩種情況。在湖水中,運(yùn)用fluent中的VOF模型分析上升流過程中溫度的變化,溫度仿真結(jié)果與湖試監(jiān)測結(jié)果基本吻合,仿真模型能夠很好地預(yù)測周圍水體的溫度；在海水中,運(yùn)用組分傳輸模型分析溫度和營養(yǎng)鹽的變化,通過改變上升流速度和洋流速度等,可以控制混合層溫度和營養(yǎng)鹽的變化。 葉綠素a是評估人工上升流作用海域初級生產(chǎn)力的重要參數(shù)。為了對初級生產(chǎn)力進(jìn)行評估,運(yùn)用了多種模型對葉綠素a進(jìn)行建模分析,研究了葉綠素a、溶解氧、深度、溫度、鹽度和pH值之間的關(guān)系,建立了模型,并比較了人工上升流系統(tǒng)中不同葉綠素a預(yù)測模型的預(yù)測精度,并確定了最佳預(yù)測模型。建模結(jié)果將有助于進(jìn)行人工上升流系統(tǒng)環(huán)境效應(yīng)的評估。 本文提出的氣力人工上升流環(huán)境效應(yīng)的監(jiān)測和評估技術(shù)已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了湖試監(jiān)測、仿真和建模研究。湖試監(jiān)測結(jié)果充分驗(yàn)證了氣力人工上升流技術(shù)的提升效果和對環(huán)境效應(yīng)的影響,仿真模型通過湖試結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證并用于以后的海試工作和上升流環(huán)境效應(yīng)的評估提供一定的參考。
[Abstract]:In the surface waters of the East China Sea, the nutrient distribution in the coastal waters is very high, but it is limited to the long and narrow coastal areas. In the 50 m deep continental shelf area, the nutrient content is low and can not meet the demand of plankton. The deep seawater has low temperature and abundant nutrients, which can be raised to the surface by upwelling, which can change the distribution of water temperature and nutrient salt in the surrounding sea area, thus improve the marine ecological environment and increase the marine primary productivity. At present, artificial upwelling technology is the hot spot and frontier of marine science research at home and abroad, but there are few literatures at home and abroad, and the research on environmental effect and how to monitor and evaluate are relatively rare. This paper focuses on the monitoring and evaluation of the environmental effects in the light of the artificial upwelling of the pneumatic force from the following aspects: In order to verify the effect of "shallow gas injection theory" and the effect of upwelling process on environmental effect, the members of the research group carried out two lake test monitoring studies in Qiandao Lake area. The temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a and pH of the nozzle with different nozzle shape, gas injection and pipe diameter were measured by the method of single point and stereoscopic monitoring. Temperature and nutrient are the best indicator and important environmental parameters. On the basis of lake test monitoring, the temperature and nutrients around the upwelling system were simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The simulation results show that the water can be divided into lake water and sea water. In the lake water, the VOF model in fluent is used to analyze the temperature change during the upwelling process. The temperature simulation results are in good agreement with the monitoring results of the lake test. The simulation model can well predict the temperature of the surrounding water body, and in the seawater, the temperature of the surrounding water body can be predicted by the simulation model. The variation of temperature and nutrient salt in the mixed layer can be controlled by changing the upwelling velocity and ocean current velocity by using the component transport model to analyze the variation of temperature and nutrient salt. Chlorophyll a is an important parameter for evaluating the primary productivity of the sea area affected by artificial upwelling. In order to evaluate primary productivity, several models were used to model and analyze chlorophyll a. The relationships between chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, depth, temperature, salinity and pH were studied. The prediction accuracy of different chlorophyll a prediction models in artificial upwelling system was compared and the optimal prediction model was determined. The modeling results will be helpful for the assessment of the environmental effects of the artificial upwelling system. The technique of monitoring and evaluating the environmental effects of artificial upwelling in this paper has been studied by lake test monitoring, simulation and modeling. The results of lake test monitoring fully verify the lifting effect of pneumatic artificial upwelling technology and its influence on environmental effects. The simulation model is verified by the results of lake test and can be used for future sea trial and assessment of upwelling environmental effects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X834;P73

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本文編號：1947758