本文選題：極地　切入點：海冰厚度　出處：《太原理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本課題是在國家自然科學基金“基于電容感應技術的海冰厚度監(jiān)測方法的研究”（編號：60672028）和“南北極環(huán)境綜合考察與評估”（編號：CHINAER2014-02-02）十二五專項項目資助下針對南北極海冰自動監(jiān)測技術展開的應用研究。 隨著人類對南北極的不斷探索，人們在南北極展開了各種領域的研究。隨著研究的不斷深入，科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)海冰在地球氣候，極地海洋，南北極冰凍圈演變以及南北極生物圈等多個領域中起著至關重要的作用。海冰每年最多可以夠覆蓋地球表面積大約7%左右，其中最大的部分分布在地球的南北極，顯然海冰在南北極的研究中占有很大的比重。而海冰的生長消融及漂移是海冰熱力學與動力學研究中的重點及難點。 目前國內外關于海冰監(jiān)測的方法較多，，例如利用衛(wèi)星遙感技術或飛機航拍技術大范圍的監(jiān)測海冰的生長及漂移，利用長期或短期冰站定點人工監(jiān)測海冰等。但這些技術手段都有其不足之處，比如經濟性差，精度不高和無法長期連續(xù)觀測等。本文在分析國內外海冰監(jiān)測技術的現(xiàn)狀及其優(yōu)缺點的基礎上，針對極地海冰監(jiān)測實際現(xiàn)場環(huán)境，以海冰浮標為主體，設計了海冰浮標監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。論文根據(jù)電容式冰厚傳感器在極地海冰厚度監(jiān)測中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題進行了改進研究，以冰基浮標和海洋浮標分別作為監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)載體，根據(jù)監(jiān)測需求詳細研究了監(jiān)測方案和監(jiān)測控制軟件，包括在浮標上搭載各種傳感器，GPS定位模塊，銥星無線傳輸模塊等，研制成功海冰浮標監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)了在無人值守的惡劣環(huán)境下長期連續(xù)的海冰參數(shù)遠程監(jiān)測。 本監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)利用電容式冰厚傳感器判斷海冰厚度，利用溫度鏈監(jiān)測海冰生長過程中的溫度剖面的變化，利用冰上聲吶傳感器傳感器和冰下聲吶傳感器傳感器對海冰厚度做輔助監(jiān)測判斷，利用GPS技術定位海冰的漂移軌跡，利用美國銥星網絡實時的將數(shù)據(jù)傳回國內。本監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)具有經濟性好，精度高和數(shù)據(jù)通訊實時性好等優(yōu)點。 本監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)進行了實驗室和野外的低溫實驗，以及第30次南極和第6次北極考察中進行了現(xiàn)場實驗，實驗結果初步表明該海冰浮標監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)具有可靠的穩(wěn)定性，精確性以及通訊數(shù)據(jù)丟包率低等優(yōu)點，有效地為南北極的科學考察提供了數(shù)據(jù)支持。
[Abstract]:The research on sea ice thickness monitoring method based on capacitive induction technology was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.:: 60672028) and the "Comprehensive investigation and Assessment of Arctic and Southern Environment" (No.: chinerer 2014-02-02). Research on the Application of Polar Sea Ice automatic Monitoring Technology. With the continuous exploration of the Arctic and the South, people have carried out various fields of research in the Arctic and the South. With the deepening of the research, scientists have found that sea ice is in the earth's climate, polar oceans, The evolution of the arctic cryosphere and the arctic biosphere play a crucial role. Sea ice can cover up to about 7 percent of the earth's surface area each year, the largest of which is distributed in the Earth's Arctic and South Pole. It is obvious that the sea ice occupies a large proportion in the study of the Arctic and the South Pole, and the melting and drift of the sea ice is the key and difficult point in the study of thermodynamics and dynamics of sea ice. At present, there are many methods of sea ice monitoring at home and abroad, such as using satellite remote sensing technology or aircraft aerial photography technology to monitor the growth and drift of sea ice on a large scale. Using long-term or short-term ice stations to manually monitor sea ice, etc., but these techniques have their disadvantages, such as poor economy. On the basis of analyzing the present situation of sea ice monitoring technology at home and abroad and its merits and demerits, aiming at the actual field environment of polar sea ice monitoring, the sea ice buoy is taken as the main body. The monitoring system of sea ice buoy is designed. According to the problems found by capacitive ice thickness sensor in monitoring the thickness of polar sea ice, the ice based buoy and the ocean buoy are used as the carrier of the monitoring system, respectively. According to the monitoring requirements, the monitoring scheme and monitoring control software are studied in detail, including carrying various sensors and GPS positioning modules on the buoy, Iridium satellite wireless transmission module, and so on. The monitoring system of sea ice buoy has been developed successfully. Long-term continuous remote monitoring of sea ice parameters in unattended environment is realized. This monitoring system uses capacitive ice thickness sensor to judge sea ice thickness and uses temperature chain to monitor the change of temperature profile in the process of sea ice growth. Using the sonar sensor on the ice and the sonar sensor under the ice to monitor and judge the thickness of the sea ice, the drift track of the sea ice is located by using the GPS technology. The Iridium network is used to transmit data back to China in real time. This monitoring system has the advantages of good economy, high precision and good real-time data communication. The low temperature experiments in laboratory and field, and the field experiments in the 30th Antarctic and 6th Arctic surveys have been carried out in this monitoring system. The experimental results show that the monitoring system of sea ice buoy has reliable stability. The advantages of accuracy and low packet loss rate of communication data provide data support for the scientific exploration of the North and South Pole.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P715

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本文編號：1665804