發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-16 04:24

  本文選題：相位差　切入點(diǎn)：潮能　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在諸多海洋可再生能源中,潮能儲量巨大,可準(zhǔn)確預(yù)報(bào)且能量密度最大,在能源緊缺、資源開發(fā)與環(huán)境保護(hù)矛盾突出的當(dāng)下,加大對潮能的研究開發(fā)力度顯得非常必要。論文從理論推導(dǎo)、典型海灣選址、數(shù)值模型計(jì)算和環(huán)境優(yōu)勢分析等方面研究了相位差潮能開發(fā)的技術(shù)問題。 本文首次提出利用海灣潮波相位差的全新潮能開發(fā)方式,其原理是：外海潮波向海岸和海灣傳播過程中,由于岸線和地形變化導(dǎo)致潮波變形,在海灣內(nèi)外形成顯著的相位差而具有動(dòng)態(tài)水頭,并利用這種動(dòng)態(tài)水頭進(jìn)行潮能發(fā)電。該潮能開發(fā)技術(shù)在不建壩截流前提下獲得較高的能量密度,具有環(huán)境影響較小和資源利用率高的優(yōu)勢。 采用兩種不同的數(shù)學(xué)物理方法求得相位差潮能水頭解析解。①利用海水運(yùn)動(dòng)基本方程和牛頓第二運(yùn)動(dòng)定律導(dǎo)出潮能水頭解析解；②基于波動(dòng)理論,分別求得忽略和考慮阻力條件下兩組潮能水頭解析解,且忽略阻力的解析解是考慮阻力解析解的一個(gè)特例。此即相位差潮能研究的理論基礎(chǔ)。 基于N-S方程獲得不同組合條件下的潮能水頭數(shù)值解,對比數(shù)值解和解析解曲線表明,與忽略阻力的解析解不同,考慮阻力的解析結(jié)果與數(shù)值模型解符合良好�？梢姳疚墨@得的潮能水頭理論公式是合理可靠的,為新型潮能開發(fā)提供了技術(shù)支撐。 根據(jù)潮能水頭理論計(jì)算公式和尾水動(dòng)能跟水體總勢能的關(guān)系,得到發(fā)電通道內(nèi)理論最大功率和裝機(jī)功率的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式,進(jìn)而得出最佳裝機(jī)功率Pp-max的計(jì)算公式,潮流強(qiáng)度和半島長度越大、過水面積越大、效率系數(shù)越高,裝機(jī)功率越大。 基于潮能水頭解析解和最佳裝機(jī)功率,提出海灣相位差潮能選址的四項(xiàng)原則。選定福建三沙灣為典型潮能海灣進(jìn)行了為期一年的連續(xù)觀測,統(tǒng)計(jì)得到大潮期最大潮能水頭為1.70～2.20m。而由本文公式計(jì)算得潮能水頭值為1.48m～2.33m,理論計(jì)算值與實(shí)測值較為接近。研究認(rèn)為該典型海灣的相位差潮能水頭具備開發(fā)價(jià)值。 建立典型海灣二維水動(dòng)力數(shù)值模型,預(yù)測了不同發(fā)電工況下的水動(dòng)力場,獲得潮位、流速、發(fā)電水頭和發(fā)電流量等要素過程曲線,結(jié)果表明：①相位差潮能發(fā)電時(shí)水頭損失較小,對發(fā)電效率的影響明顯小于傳統(tǒng)潮汐能開發(fā)；②經(jīng)發(fā)電通道流向?yàn)惩獾牧髁枯^大,正向發(fā)電宜指向?yàn)惩?以獲得更多的電能�；跀�(shù)值模型成果進(jìn)行機(jī)組選型和發(fā)電量計(jì)算,認(rèn)為該海灣適宜裝機(jī)(6-10)Mw。 與傳統(tǒng)潮能相比,相位差潮能的最大優(yōu)勢在于環(huán)境影響小,具體表現(xiàn)為①加快海灣水體交換速率；②降低灣內(nèi)活性磷酸鹽含量,改善海灣水質(zhì)；③增強(qiáng)灣底水動(dòng)力；④便于灣底清淤。因而相位差潮能是一種環(huán)境友好型海洋能開發(fā)方式,為潮能資源開發(fā)提供一種新的途徑。
[Abstract]:Among the many marine renewable energy sources, the tidal energy has huge reserves, can be accurately predicted and has the largest energy density. At present, when energy is in short supply and the contradiction between resource development and environmental protection is prominent, It is necessary to increase the research and development of tidal energy. This paper studies the technical problems of phase difference tidal energy development from the aspects of theoretical derivation, typical bay location, numerical model calculation and environmental advantage analysis. In this paper, a new way of developing tidal energy by using the phase difference of tidal wave in the bay is proposed for the first time. The principle is that the tidal wave is deformed due to the changes of shoreline and topography in the process of the tide wave spreading to the coast and the bay. The dynamic water head is formed within and outside the bay, and the dynamic water head is used to generate electricity with tidal energy. The technology of tidal energy development can obtain high energy density without dam closure. The utility model has the advantages of small environmental impact and high utilization rate of resources. Two different mathematical and physical methods are used to obtain the analytical solution of the phase difference tide head. 1. The analytical solution of the tidal head is derived from the basic equation of sea water motion and Newton's second law of motion based on the wave theory. The analytical solutions of two groups of tidal energy head under the condition of neglecting and considering the resistance are obtained, and the analytical solution of neglecting the resistance is a special case of the analytical solution of the resistance, which is the theoretical basis of the study of phase difference tidal energy. Based on the N-S equation, the numerical solutions of the tide energy head under different combination conditions are obtained. The comparison of the numerical solution and the analytical solution curve shows that the numerical solution is different from the analytical solution which ignores the resistance. The analytical results of considering resistance are in good agreement with the numerical model. It can be seen that the theoretical formula of tidal energy head obtained in this paper is reasonable and reliable, which provides a technical support for the development of new tidal energy. According to the theoretical calculation formula of tidal head and the relation between the kinetic energy of tail water and the total potential energy of water body, the mathematical expressions of theoretical maximum power and installed power in power generation channel are obtained, and the calculation formula of optimal installed power Pp-max is obtained. The larger the tidal current intensity and the length of the peninsula, the larger the overwater area, the higher the efficiency coefficient and the greater the installed power. Based on the analytical solution of the tidal head and the optimal installed power, four principles for the location of the tidal energy of the bay phase difference are proposed. The Sansha Bay in Fujian Province is selected as the typical tidal energy bay for one year of continuous observation. According to statistics, the maximum tidal energy head in the spring tide period is 1.70 ~ 2.20m.The calculated water head value of this paper is 1.48 m ~ 2.33 m, which is close to the measured value. It is considered that the phase difference tidal energy head of the typical bay is valuable for development. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model of typical bay is established to predict the hydrodynamic field under different power generation conditions, and obtain the process curves of tidal level, velocity of power, water head and flow rate of power generation, etc. The results show that the head loss of water head is smaller than that of the traditional tidal energy development, which is smaller than that of the traditional tidal energy development, and the flow through the generation channel to the outside of the bay is larger, and the forward power generation should be directed to the outside of the bay. In order to obtain more electric energy, based on the results of numerical model, the selection of generating units and the calculation of generating power are carried out, and it is considered that the bay is suitable for installing 6-10mw. Compared with the traditional tidal energy, the greatest advantage of the phase difference tidal energy lies in the small environmental impact, which is manifested in the following aspects: (1) accelerating the exchange rate of the water body of the bay and reducing the content of active phosphate in the bay. Improving the water quality of the bay and enhancing the water power of the bottom of the bay can help to clear the silt at the bottom of the bay. Therefore, the phase difference tide energy is a kind of environment-friendly mode of ocean energy development, which provides a new way for the exploitation of tidal energy resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P743.3

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