本文關(guān)鍵詞： 濰坊 人造沙灘 泥灘養(yǎng)灘 沖淤演化 丁壩 岬灣　出處：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海岸帶是自然環(huán)境中重要的組成部分，為人類提供了豐富寶貴的資源。其中天然沙灘資源越來(lái)越受到人們的重視，因其能消散近岸波浪能量，是絕佳的天然海岸防護(hù)體；同時(shí)又是很好的旅游資源，在國(guó)內(nèi)也越來(lái)越受歡迎。人們認(rèn)識(shí)到海灘及海岸防護(hù)的重要性，隨之也開(kāi)始大力發(fā)展養(yǎng)灘建設(shè)。但是我國(guó)優(yōu)質(zhì)天然沙灘資源相比歐美較為稀缺，淤泥質(zhì)海岸分布較為廣泛，從而獨(dú)創(chuàng)了在泥灘上建設(shè)人造沙灘,在沉積學(xué)上稱異相沉積，國(guó)外并未見(jiàn)此先例。濰坊濱海旅游度假區(qū)人造沙灘是近兩年來(lái)的異相養(yǎng)灘的較好實(shí)例。 本文旨在研究濰坊濱海旅游度假區(qū)人造沙灘的動(dòng)態(tài)演化特征并分析其穩(wěn)定性，評(píng)價(jià)其養(yǎng)灘工程，總結(jié)成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)為更廣泛開(kāi)展異相養(yǎng)灘工作以借鑒。開(kāi)展了以下工作:（1）搜集并整理各方面資料。（2）定期進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查，測(cè)量剖面及取樣。然后進(jìn)行室內(nèi)分析處理，與前期測(cè)量結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比。分析沙灘演化的情況。（3）根據(jù)調(diào)查結(jié)果及區(qū)域概況對(duì)影響人造沙灘的沖淤因素進(jìn)行分析。（4）結(jié)合調(diào)查成果及分析結(jié)果，對(duì)濰坊濱海旅游度假區(qū)人造沙灘的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行分析，依據(jù)靜態(tài)岬灣平衡理論預(yù)測(cè)其穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)并驗(yàn)證，預(yù)測(cè)工程的壽命。（5）對(duì)比濰坊濱海旅游度假區(qū)人造沙灘一、二期工程的養(yǎng)灘實(shí)際情況，分析各種養(yǎng)灘手段的適用性并總結(jié)成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 最終得出以下結(jié)論： （1）濰坊濱海生態(tài)旅游度假區(qū)人造沙灘一期工程遭受嚴(yán)重侵蝕，完工18個(gè)月后岸線平均后退約108m，平均單寬侵蝕量達(dá)到307.77m3/m，拋沙及下層吹填砂性土共損失約66萬(wàn)m3。2013年9月完成的二期工程對(duì)原丁壩進(jìn)行改建并拋沙，完工后7個(gè)月沙灘岸線平均后退約7m，最大單寬侵蝕量為32.36m3/m，侵蝕狀況相較一期工程明顯減輕。 （2）研究區(qū)為潮灘，主要受潮流作用影響，，潮流流速較大時(shí)可以起動(dòng)灘沙但作用不大。同時(shí)研究區(qū)常浪向和強(qiáng)浪向均為NE向，而人造沙灘丁壩向NNE向敞開(kāi)，致使波浪直接傳播進(jìn)入沙灘前緣，造成灘沙直接流失并且形成由東向西的沿岸流使得沙灘東段灘沙向西轉(zhuǎn)移。同時(shí)該海域風(fēng)暴潮頻發(fā)，持續(xù)增水現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，高水位情況下強(qiáng)浪不受潮灘的摩擦而直接入射，劇烈侵蝕灘沙，是影響人造沙灘沖淤的主要因素。 （3）二期工程將沙灘改建成人造岬灣海灘，使用橢圓模型模擬其終極穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，顯示岸線形態(tài)與穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)相似，只是沙灘寬度距離穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)還有差距。這是由于拋沙未能達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)量所致。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式預(yù)測(cè)二期工程人造沙灘壽命為7.62年，可認(rèn)為是成功的養(yǎng)灘工程。 （4）一期工程丁壩長(zhǎng)度幾乎與沙灘設(shè)計(jì)寬度持平，且直接向強(qiáng)浪向NNE向敞開(kāi)，防護(hù)作用有限，結(jié)果一期工程侵蝕嚴(yán)重。二期工程將東西丁壩延長(zhǎng)，并在沙灘中部加建T型丁壩，丁壩間距縮短為有效長(zhǎng)度的2倍，符合丁壩群的設(shè)計(jì)原則。而東丁壩頭建成環(huán)抱狀形成人工岬灣，消浪作用明顯，調(diào)查顯示侵蝕明顯減弱。二期工程丁壩起到了擋浪作用，同時(shí)兼具景觀效應(yīng)，為淤泥質(zhì)海岸養(yǎng)灘及海岸防護(hù)提供了經(jīng)驗(yàn)并豐富了岬灣養(yǎng)灘的理論。 （5）濰坊人造沙灘建設(shè)在泥灘之上，工程建設(shè)中使用了厚土工布及塑料格柵隔層將下層較細(xì)粒沉積物與上層拋沙隔開(kāi)解決了上層拋沙發(fā)生下陷與原灘細(xì)粒沉積物混合的問(wèn)題。土工布在養(yǎng)灘工程中的使用比較新穎，成功解決了泥岸養(yǎng)灘的實(shí)際問(wèn)題。我國(guó)淤泥質(zhì)海岸分布較廣，此方法將有廣泛的應(yīng)用空間。 本文主要有兩個(gè)創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)：（1）通過(guò)對(duì)比濰坊人造沙灘前后工程的養(yǎng)灘效果，對(duì)泥灘養(yǎng)灘進(jìn)行了理論分析，總結(jié)評(píng)價(jià)了成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。（2）使用新的靜態(tài)岬灣平衡形態(tài)模型—橢圓模型對(duì)濰坊人造沙灘進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)模擬，效果較好。
[Abstract]:The coastal zone is an important part of the natural environment, provides a wealth of valuable resources for human beings. The natural sand resources has attracted more and more attention, because it can dissipate wave energy, is a natural coastal protection body perfect; at the same time is a very good tourist resources in China is becoming more and more popular. People realize the importance of beach and coastal protection, it also began to develop a beach construction. But the high quality natural sand resources in China compared to Europe is scarce, muddy coast is widely distributed, thus created in the mudflat construction of artificial beach, called heterogeneous deposition in sedimentology, and the foreign no precedent. The coastal tourism resort in Weifang is a good example of artificial beach for the past two years heterogeneous beach nourishment.
This paper aims at the dynamic evolution characteristics of the coastal tourism resort of Weifang artificial beach and analyze its stability evaluation, the shallow engineering, summarized the successful experience for the more extensive heterogeneous beach nourishment to learn. Work carried out the following work: (1) collecting and sorting the data. (2) regular on-site investigation, measurement the profile and sampling. Then indoor analysis, compared with results of previous measurements. Analysis of the evolution of the beach. (3) according to the analysis of survey results and regional effects of artificial beach erosion factors. (4) combined with the investigation results and analysis results, analyze the stability of the coastal tourism resort Weifang artificial the beach, based on the static equilibrium theory to predict the headland Bay stable state and verify that the prediction of engineering life. (5) the coastal tourism resort in Weifang compared to the artificial beach, the two phase of the project the actual situation of beach nourishment. The applicability of various means of beach raising and the successful experience are summarized.
Finally, the following conclusions are drawn.
(1) Weifang Binhai eco-tourism resort artificial beach project suffered serious erosion, completed 18 months after the average back coastline of about 108m, the average single wide erosion amount to 307.77m3/m, throwing sand and lower hydraulic fill sand a total loss of about 660 thousand m3.2013 in September to complete the two phase of the project of reconstruction of the original and groin throwing sand, 7 months after the completion of the beach shoreline retreat by an average of about 7m, the largest single wide erosion 32.36m3/m, erosion in a phase of the project was reduced.
(2) the study area is mainly affected by the trend of tidal flat, the effect of tidal current velocity is larger for starting the beach sand but not very useful. At the same time of wave direction and strong wave to NE, and the artificial beach to NNE to open the groin, causing waves spread directly into the beach front, causing beach sand direct loss and from the east to the West Coast current makes the east beach sand beach west transfer. At the same time the sea storm surges frequently, increasing water friction phenomenon is serious, strong wave damp beach high water level under the condition of direct incident, severe erosion of sand beach, is the main factor affecting the artificial beach erosion.
(3) the two phase of the project will be converted into artificial beach headland Bay Beach, using the ellipse model to simulate the ultimate steady state, steady state and display shoreline morphology similar to beach width just steady state and the gap. This is because the sand dumping does not meet the design. According to the empirical formula of calculating the amount due to the two phase of the project life of 7.62 artificial beach years, is considered to be a successful beach nourishment project.
(4) the first phase of the project is almost equal with the length of spur dike beach width design, and directly to the strong wave to NNE to open the door, a limited role, the first phase of the project. The serious erosion of the two phase of the project will extend and build things spur, T type groyne beach in the middle, groin spacing is reduced to 2 times the effective length. In accordance with the design principle of groins. While the East built a groyne head surrounding shape to form the artificial headland Bay, wave dissipation effect, survey erosion decreased. The two phase of the project has played a role in spur wave, while both the landscape effect, provide the supporting experience and enrich the theory of headland Bay beach nourishment for a muddy coast beach and coast guard.
(5) Weifang artificial beach construction in the mud on engineering construction using thick geotextile and plastic geogrid layer will lower layer of fine sediments and the upper left separated solve the upper sand dumping of subsidence and beach fine sediments mixing problem. Use geotextile in beach nourishment project in the novel. The success of solving the actual problem of mud bank raising beach. Our muddy coast is widely distributed, this method will have broad application space.
This paper has two innovations: (1) through the contrast before and after the Weifang artificial beach beach nourishment project effect on the mudflat beach nourishment is analyzed, summarize and evaluate the experience. (2) using the new static headland Bay equilibrium shape model and ellipse model of Weifang in the steady state simulation of the artificial beach. The effect is good.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P748

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