本文關(guān)鍵詞： 水下鉆孔爆破 孔網(wǎng)參數(shù) 優(yōu)化模型 數(shù)值模擬　出處：《武漢科技大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來，我國對海洋資源的開發(fā)力度逐漸加大，水下鉆孔爆破技術(shù)在海底炸礁工程中的應用日益廣泛，但是水下環(huán)境的復雜性使得水下鉆孔爆破比陸地鉆孔爆破更加復雜。水下鉆孔爆破孔網(wǎng)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化研究，對爆破施工設(shè)計及節(jié)約經(jīng)濟成本具有十分重要的意義。 本文以廈門港口二期炸礁工程為背景，從研究水下鉆孔爆破巖石破碎機理出發(fā)，探討了水下鉆孔爆破的主要影響因素，結(jié)合爆破優(yōu)化模型、數(shù)值仿真技術(shù)以及現(xiàn)場實驗，對水下鉆孔爆破孔網(wǎng)參數(shù)進行了優(yōu)化研究，取得了以下研究成果： （1）結(jié)合巖石破碎機理和水下鉆孔爆破的特點，討論了水下鉆孔爆破巖石破碎機理，對水深、巖體結(jié)構(gòu)及巖性等主要影響因素進行了系統(tǒng)的分析。 （2）基于經(jīng)典的鐘漢榮爆破優(yōu)化模型提出了水下鉆孔爆破孔網(wǎng)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化模型，根據(jù)現(xiàn)場統(tǒng)計資料，綜合運用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計方法和破碎塊度方程，得到了廈門港口二期炸礁工程優(yōu)化模型的表達式以及滿足約束條件的最優(yōu)孔網(wǎng)參數(shù)。 （3）運用ANSYS/LS-DYNA動力有限元分析軟件，建立了不同炮孔間距、排距及堵塞長度的8種水下鉆孔爆破模型，分析不同模型在孔底起爆和中間起爆時的應力云圖和單元應力時程曲線，發(fā)現(xiàn)爆破載荷作用下巖石的破碎主要取決于切向拉應力，且中間起爆時被爆巖石內(nèi)產(chǎn)生較為均勻的應力場，有利于降低大塊率。 （4）以最小孔網(wǎng)參數(shù)的數(shù)值計算模型為基礎(chǔ)，分析對比8種模型巖石單元的應力狀態(tài)，發(fā)現(xiàn)第6種模型所采用的孔網(wǎng)參數(shù)能夠在經(jīng)濟成本最低的情況下實現(xiàn)破碎目標。 結(jié)果表明，廈門港口二期炸礁工程的最優(yōu)孔網(wǎng)參數(shù)為孔距2.5m，排距2.2m，堵塞長度1.5m，炸藥單耗1.75kg/m3。采用該優(yōu)化參數(shù)進行施工時，平均大塊率降低了30%，，淺點率降到了2%以內(nèi)，大大縮短了施工工期，降低了施工成本，可以為類似水下鉆孔爆破工程提供參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the development of marine resources in China has gradually increased, underwater drilling blasting technology in submarine reef blasting engineering is increasingly widely used. But the complexity of underwater environment makes underwater borehole blasting more complex than terrestrial borehole blasting. It is of great significance for blasting construction design and saving economic cost. Based on the second stage reef blasting project of Xiamen port, this paper discusses the main influencing factors of underwater drilling blasting based on the study of rock fragmentation mechanism of underwater drilling blasting, combined with the blasting optimization model. Numerical simulation technology and field experiments are used to optimize the parameters of hole network of underwater borehole blasting. The results are as follows: 1) combined with the characteristics of rock fragmentation mechanism and underwater drilling blasting, the rock fragmentation mechanism of underwater drilling blasting is discussed, and the main influencing factors, such as water depth, rock mass structure and lithology, are systematically analyzed. 2) based on the classical Zhong Hanrong blasting optimization model, the optimization model of hole network parameters of underwater borehole blasting is proposed. According to the field statistical data, the mathematical statistical method and fragmentation equation are used synthetically. The expression of the optimization model for the second stage reef blasting project of Xiamen Port and the optimal hole network parameters satisfying the constraint conditions are obtained. 3) by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA dynamic finite element analysis software, eight kinds of underwater borehole blasting models with different hole spacing, spacing and plugging length are established. This paper analyzes the stress cloud diagram and element stress history curve of different models during the initiation of hole bottom and intermediate detonation. It is found that rock fragmentation under blasting load mainly depends on the tangential tensile stress. And the uniform stress field is produced in the detonated rock during the intermediate initiation, which is helpful to reduce the boulder ratio. (4) based on the numerical calculation model of minimum pore network parameters, the stress states of eight model rock elements are analyzed and compared. It is found that the hole network parameters used in the sixth model can achieve the breakage target with the lowest economic cost. The results show that the optimum hole network parameters of the second stage reef blasting project of Xiamen Port are as follows: hole spacing 2.5 m, row distance 2.2 m, blocking length 1.5 m. The unit consumption of explosive is 1.75 kg / m ~ (3). When the optimized parameters are used, the average bulk rate is reduced by 30%, the shallow point rate is reduced to less than 2%, and the construction period is greatly shortened and the construction cost is reduced. It can provide reference for similar underwater drilling blasting engineering.
【學位授予單位】：武漢科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P756.5

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