本文關(guān)鍵詞：近岸海域空間資源利用輔助決策系統(tǒng)研究　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 近岸海域 空間資源利用 輔助決策系統(tǒng) 數(shù)值模擬自動化 環(huán)境影響評價

【摘要】：近岸海域空間資源利用作為海洋資源開發(fā)利用的一個重要內(nèi)容,為海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)和沿海地區(qū)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做出了重要的貢獻(xiàn)。然而,近岸海域空間資源利用活動對海洋生態(tài)、環(huán)境、資源的影響也是不容忽視的。多年來,長期、大規(guī)模的近岸海域空間資源利用活動造成海洋環(huán)境持續(xù)惡化,嚴(yán)重制約了沿海區(qū)域的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。2015年全國海洋工作會議中明確指出海洋綜合管理工作的重要性和緊迫性,強(qiáng)調(diào)加強(qiáng)對海洋開發(fā)利用活動的管控能力。海洋管理決策系統(tǒng)借助GIS技術(shù)的空間數(shù)據(jù)管理優(yōu)勢和空間決策支持技術(shù)解決復(fù)雜空間問題的能力,成為海洋綜合管理和決策的有力工具�，F(xiàn)有的海洋管理決策系統(tǒng)更多地關(guān)注海洋資源和環(huán)境信息的管理和基于海洋信息的統(tǒng)計(jì)與決策,側(cè)重于海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境的管理和風(fēng)暴潮、溢油等突發(fā)事件的預(yù)警,忽略了服務(wù)于近岸海域空間資源利用活動的海洋管理決策系統(tǒng)研究。同時,現(xiàn)有的管理決策系統(tǒng)中普遍采用預(yù)置靜態(tài)數(shù)值模型的方法,僅能開展固定計(jì)算域和網(wǎng)格系統(tǒng)的數(shù)值模擬和分析,不具有響應(yīng)岸線、地形等海洋環(huán)境變化進(jìn)行動態(tài)建模和模擬分析的能力,在一定程度上制約了系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展。鑒于海洋綜合管理的需求和現(xiàn)有海洋管理決策系統(tǒng)中存在的不足,本文開展基于WebGIS的近岸海域空間資源利用輔助決策系統(tǒng)研究,探討了近岸海域空間數(shù)據(jù)庫的構(gòu)成、動態(tài)響應(yīng)海洋環(huán)境變化的海洋數(shù)值模擬自動化方法、近岸海域空間資源利用海洋環(huán)境影響評價方法等,集成了一個通用的近岸海域空間資源利用輔助決策系統(tǒng)。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容和成果如下：(1)為了滿足海洋綜合管理及近岸海域空間資源利用輔助決策的需求,在系統(tǒng)分析決策系統(tǒng)建設(shè)目標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上,對系統(tǒng)的功能體系與決策流程進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),提出基于WebGIS的近岸海域空間資源利用輔助決策系統(tǒng)的框架,詳細(xì)探討了系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成。(2)針對近岸海域空間數(shù)據(jù)的特點(diǎn),提出基于地理本體的近岸海域空間數(shù)據(jù)組織方法。兼顧對海洋數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果及評價結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)的管理,確定近岸海域空間數(shù)據(jù)庫結(jié)構(gòu)。并將該方法應(yīng)用于寧波近岸海域空間數(shù)據(jù)組織中,建立寧波近岸海域空間數(shù)據(jù)庫,為特定近岸海域空間資源利用決策輔助系統(tǒng)提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。(3)構(gòu)建基于Web GIS的海洋數(shù)值模擬自動化的具體方法。在傳統(tǒng)海洋數(shù)值模擬方法的基礎(chǔ)上,實(shí)現(xiàn)了動態(tài)響應(yīng)基于客戶端瀏覽器頁面新工程和邊界定義的海洋數(shù)值模擬從建模、模擬到結(jié)果處理、分析全過程的完全自動化。并在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了基于FVCOM模型的水動力泥沙自動化模型和污染物輸移擴(kuò)散自動化模型。海洋數(shù)值模擬自動化方法是近岸海域空間資源利用輔助決策系統(tǒng)的核心技術(shù)之一,彌補(bǔ)了現(xiàn)有海洋管理決策系統(tǒng)中預(yù)置靜態(tài)模型的不足。(4)針對近岸海域空間資源利用活動對海洋水動力泥沙環(huán)境的影響,發(fā)展了一種基于FCM模型的岸線改造工程海洋環(huán)境影響評價方法。該方法通過對大量樣本數(shù)據(jù)的智能學(xué)習(xí),發(fā)現(xiàn)水動力泥沙環(huán)境參數(shù)之間的因果關(guān)系及相互影響程度,建立具有最佳關(guān)聯(lián)矩陣的海洋環(huán)境影響FCM評價模型。將水動力泥沙數(shù)值模型與FCM評價模型結(jié)合,以數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果在FCM模型中的輸出值作為岸線改造工程對海洋環(huán)境影響的最后評價結(jié)果,進(jìn)而確定海洋環(huán)境影響評價等級。由于考慮了水動力泥沙環(huán)境指標(biāo)之間的因果關(guān)系和不同指標(biāo)對評價結(jié)果的不同貢獻(xiàn),評價結(jié)果相對于規(guī)范法(綜合評價法)而言更具科學(xué)性和可靠性。該方法可以用于近岸海域空間資源利用輔助決策系統(tǒng),評價新增岸線改造工程對海洋環(huán)境的影響。(5)針對海水水質(zhì)評價的模糊性,開展基于Critic-Cloud模型的海水水質(zhì)評價方法研究。通過Critic客觀賦權(quán)法求解水質(zhì)因子組合權(quán)重,分別建立區(qū)域個體云評價模型和區(qū)域整體云重心模型,構(gòu)建海水水質(zhì)從個體評價到整體評價的操作過程。由于隸屬度云的隨機(jī)性和模糊性特點(diǎn),基于Critic-Cloud模型的海水水質(zhì)評價結(jié)果與可變模糊評價模型和規(guī)范法(單因子評價法)的評價結(jié)果相比更為合理。同時,該方法可以與污染物輸移擴(kuò)散數(shù)值模型結(jié)合,并在基于Web GIS的近岸海域空間資源利用輔助決策系統(tǒng)中集成,利用數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果,動態(tài)評價新增城市污水排海工程對海水水質(zhì)環(huán)境的影響。(6)針對寧波近岸海域空間資源利用現(xiàn)狀和海洋綜合管理需求,在基于Web GIS的近岸海域空間資源利用輔助決策系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上,建立寧波海域海洋管理輔助決策系統(tǒng)。應(yīng)用寧波海域海洋管理輔助決策系統(tǒng)對象山港海域空間資源利用活動對海洋環(huán)境的累積影響進(jìn)行研究,對比不同單一填海工程及多填海工程對海洋水動力泥沙環(huán)境影響,得出影響評價結(jié)論。研究表明,寧波海域海洋管理系統(tǒng)可以對近岸海域空間資源利用活動引起的海洋環(huán)境變化進(jìn)行快速、準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測和評價。該系統(tǒng)己投入實(shí)際應(yīng)用,并取得了良好的效果。
[Abstract]:The utilization of offshore resources as an important part of the development and utilization of marine resources has made important contributions to the marine economy and the social and economic development in the coastal areas. However, the impact of the use of space resources on the marine ecology, environment and resources can not be ignored. Over the years, the long-term and large-scale utilization of space resources in coastal waters has caused the continuous deterioration of the marine environment, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the coastal areas. In 2015, the national marine work conference clearly pointed out the importance and urgency of marine integrated management, and emphasized the control and control ability of marine development and utilization activities. Marine management decision making system, with the help of GIS's advantages of spatial data management and spatial decision support technology to solve complex spatial problems, has become a powerful tool for integrated marine management and decision-making. Marine management decision system of the existing pay more attention to marine resources and environment information management and statistics and decision of ocean information based on management and storm focused on marine ecological environment, the tide of oil spill emergency warning, ignoring the service in the coastal waters of the use of space resources of marine management system activities. At the same time, the method of numerical model is widely used in preset static management decision-making system in the existing numerical simulation and analysis can only be carried out in fixed computational domain and grid system, do not have the ability of dynamic modeling and simulation analysis of terrain, ocean shoreline response to changes in the environment, to a certain extent restricts the application and development of the system. The shortcomings existing in the comprehensive marine management requirements and the existing marine management decision system, this paper carried out research on assistant decision system using WebGIS coastal space resources based on coastal spatial database structure, the dynamic response of marine environment changes in ocean numerical simulation automation method, coastal space resource utilization of marine environmental impact assessment method so, the integration of a general coastal space resource utilization decision support system. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) in order to meet the needs of decision making use of space resources comprehensive management of marine and coastal waters, based on system analysis and decision system construction goal, the function of the system system and decision-making process of the design, proposes a framework of decision support system using WebGIS based on spatial resources in coastal waters the structure of the system is discussed in detail. (2) in view of the characteristics of the spatial data of the coastal waters, a spatial data organization method based on the geographical ontology is proposed. The structure of the spatial database of the coastal waters is determined by the management of the data of the marine numerical simulation and the results of the evaluation results. The method is applied to the spatial data organization of Ningbo offshore area, and the spatial database of Ningbo offshore area is established to provide data support for specific coastal area resources utilization decision support system. (3) to build a specific method of marine numerical simulation automation based on Web GIS. On the basis of traditional ocean numerical simulation method, we realized dynamic response based on client browser page new engineering and boundary definition of marine numerical simulation from modeling, simulation to result processing, and analysis of the whole process of complete automation. On the basis of this, the automatic model of hydrodynamics and sediment based on FVCOM model and the automation model of pollutant transport and diffusion are established. The ocean numerical simulation automation is one of the core technologies of the auxiliary decision system for the utilization of offshore space resources, which makes up for the shortage of the preset static model in the existing ocean management decision system. (4) in view of the influence of coastal space resources utilization activities on marine hydrodynamic and sediment environment, a marine environmental impact assessment method based on FCM model is developed. Through the intelligent learning of a large number of sample data, this method finds out the causal relationship and the degree of mutual influence between the hydrodynamic and sediment environmental parameters, and establishes FCM evaluation model of marine environmental impact with the best correlation matrix. The hydrodynamic sediment numerical model is combined with the FCM evaluation model. The output value of the numerical simulation results in the FCM model is used as the final evaluation result of the coastal reconstruction project's impact on the marine environment, and then the marine environmental impact assessment grade is determined. Considering the causality between hydrodynamic and sediment environmental indicators and the different contributions of different indicators to the evaluation results, the evaluation results are more scientific and reliable than the standard method. The method can be used to use the auxiliary decision-making system for the utilization of space resources in coastal waters to evaluate the impact of the new shoreline transformation project on the marine environment. (5) in view of the fuzziness of water quality evaluation, the study of water quality evaluation method based on Critic-Cloud model is carried out. The objective weight method is used to solve the combined weight of water quality factors. The regional individual cloud evaluation model and the whole cloud gravity center model of Critic are established respectively, and the operation process of seawater quality evaluation from individual to the whole is established. Due to the randomness and fuzziness of membership cloud, the evaluation results of sea water quality based on Critic-Cloud model are more reasonable than those of variable fuzzy evaluation model and standard method (single factor evaluation method). At the same time, the method can be combined with the numerical model of pollutant transport and diffusion, and is integrated in the Web GIS based auxiliary decision system for the utilization of space resources in coastal waters. With the help of numerical simulation results, we can dynamically evaluate the impact of the new urban sewage discharge project on the seawater quality and environment. (6) in view of the current situation of Ningbo coastal sea area resources utilization and the demand of integrated marine management, based on Web GIS's auxiliary decision system of coastal area's space resources utilization, the auxiliary decision system of Ningbo sea area's marine management is established. Application of auxiliary decision-making system for marine management in Ningbo sea area to the Xiangshan harbor sea
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P74
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本文編號：1344674