【摘要】：可視性分析是空間分析不可或缺的內(nèi)容,在諸多的地學(xué)分析與生產(chǎn)建設(shè)領(lǐng)域中發(fā)揮重要的作用。然而,現(xiàn)有的基于GIS的可視性分析往往注重單點(diǎn)的可視而忽略多點(diǎn)的復(fù)合可視,注重靜點(diǎn)的可視而忽視動(dòng)點(diǎn)的可視,注重直線的可視而忽略曲線的可視,因此,構(gòu)建一個(gè)在可視性分析中能綜合考慮多種要素綜合作用與影響的可視性分析綜合模型,不但可望取得GIS空間分析方法的理論創(chuàng)新,也對(duì)提升GIS空間分析能力與水平具有重要的意義。此外,目前基于單核串行的GIS軟件,面對(duì)大數(shù)據(jù)量的可視性計(jì)算存在技術(shù)瓶頸。如何適應(yīng)計(jì)算機(jī)多核集群計(jì)算能力的提升,構(gòu)建面向分布式并行計(jì)算的可視性分析并行算法,也已經(jīng)成為數(shù)字地形分析亟待突破的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。本文在對(duì)可視性分析的主要影響因素的歸納與整合的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建可視性分析綜合模型,并對(duì)并行可視性分析算法進(jìn)行研究。主要內(nèi)容和研究成果如下： (1)系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)了可視性分析的計(jì)算原理、計(jì)算方法與分析模型,對(duì)可視性分析的基本概念進(jìn)行了擴(kuò)展,從分析對(duì)象(可視性分析的各種實(shí)體及屬性)、視線屬性(分析對(duì)象間的視線軌跡)、約束條件(分析對(duì)象與視線之間的分析規(guī)則與控制參數(shù))三大基本要素入手,系統(tǒng)綜合地剖析了可視性問題。在此基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)可視性分析的具體應(yīng)用,提出了可視性分析綜合模型的理論框架。 (2)基于可視性分析綜合模型,以廬山地區(qū)的格網(wǎng)DEM作為實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)可視性分析的應(yīng)用模式進(jìn)行了研究,設(shè)計(jì)了動(dòng)點(diǎn)可視、特定視角可視、曲線可視等算法�；谶@些算法與已有的相關(guān)研究基礎(chǔ),本文對(duì)可視問題,如景觀評(píng)估、最佳選址、索道設(shè)計(jì)等問題進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。 (3)提出面向并行可視性計(jì)算的粒度模型,該模型系統(tǒng)地將并行問題劃分為數(shù)據(jù)粒度、任務(wù)粒度、結(jié)構(gòu)粒度與容錯(cuò)粒度四大基本要素。本文重點(diǎn)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)粒度進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析與探討。通過對(duì)并行數(shù)據(jù)粒度的量化與動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)度機(jī)制,數(shù)據(jù)粒度模型能夠提升地學(xué)分析的計(jì)算效率。 (4)本文對(duì)分布式并行計(jì)算環(huán)境下的可視性分析算法進(jìn)行了并行化設(shè)計(jì)。對(duì)不同性質(zhì)的并行可視性分析算法進(jìn)行通用的DEM數(shù)據(jù)部署與算法調(diào)度設(shè)計(jì)。提出了一套通用的并行可視性分析數(shù)據(jù)劃分方案。該方法適用于分布式并行計(jì)算環(huán)境,不要求各計(jì)算節(jié)點(diǎn)分配所有的分析數(shù)據(jù),能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)低冗余、高效率的通用數(shù)據(jù)分配機(jī)制。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,并行算法不僅取得了較高的加速比,而且具有較好的可擴(kuò)展性。 本研究主要研究柵格DEM條件下的可視性分析,但在研究領(lǐng)域上,還適當(dāng)進(jìn)行了概念的拓展與應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的延伸。這些研究豐富與拓展了GIS空間分析的理論與方法體系,也是并行數(shù)字地形分析一次有益的創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐。
[Abstract]:Visibility analysis is an indispensable part of spatial analysis and plays an important role in many fields of geoscience analysis and production construction. However, the existing visibility analysis based on GIS often pays attention to the visualization of single point but not the compound visual of multiple points, the visualization of static point but the visualization of moving point, the visualization of straight line but the visualization of curve, so, To construct a comprehensive model of visibility analysis which can comprehensively consider the comprehensive action and influence of various elements in visibility analysis is not only expected to achieve the theoretical innovation of GIS spatial analysis method. It is also of great significance to improve the spatial analysis ability and level of GIS. In addition, at present, the GIS software based on single core serial has a technical bottleneck in the visibility calculation of large amount of data. How to adapt to the improvement of computing capability of multi-core cluster and construct a parallel algorithm of visibility analysis for distributed parallel computing has become the key technology of digital terrain analysis. Based on the induction and integration of the main influencing factors of visibility analysis, this paper constructs a comprehensive model of visibility analysis, and studies the parallel visibility analysis algorithm. The main contents and research results are as follows: (1) the calculation principle, calculation method and analysis model of visibility analysis are summarized systematically, and the basic concept of visibility analysis is extended. This paper starts with three basic elements: analysis object (various entities and attributes of visibility analysis), line of sight attribute (analysis of line of sight between objects), constraint condition (analysis rules and control parameters between object and line of sight). The visibility problem is analyzed synthetically. On this basis, a theoretical framework of visibility analysis synthesis model is proposed for the specific application of visibility analysis. (2) based on the comprehensive model of visibility analysis, using grid DEM in Lushan area as experimental data, the application mode of visibility analysis is studied, and the algorithms of dynamic point visualization, specific visual angle visualization and curve visualization are designed. Based on these algorithms and the existing research basis, the visual problems, such as landscape evaluation, optimal location, ropeway design and so on, are experimentally verified in this paper. (3) A granularity model for parallel visibility computing is proposed, in which parallel problems are systematically divided into four basic elements: data granularity, task granularity, structural granularity and fault-tolerant granularity. In this paper, the data granularity is analyzed and discussed in detail. Through the quantization and dynamic scheduling mechanism of parallel data granularity, the data granularity model can improve the computing efficiency of geoscience analysis. (4) the visibility analysis algorithm in distributed parallel computing environment is designed in parallel. The parallel visibility analysis algorithms with different properties are designed for DEM data deployment and algorithm scheduling. A general parallel visibility analysis data partition scheme is proposed. This method is suitable for distributed parallel computing environment. It does not require all the analysis data to be allocated by each computing node. It can realize a universal data allocation mechanism with low redundancy and high efficiency. Experimental results show that the parallel algorithm not only achieves high speedup, but also has good scalability. In this study, the visibility analysis under raster DEM condition is mainly studied, but in the research field, the concept and the application field are extended appropriately. These studies enrich and extend the theory and method system of GIS spatial analysis, and are also a beneficial and innovative practice for parallel digital terrain analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208

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本文編號(hào)：2428926