【摘要】：本文介紹了航空重力測量的基本原理和數(shù)據(jù)處理方法,研究了重力擾動信號提取中FIR、IIR低通濾波器和Kalman濾波器的設計方法,以及重力擾動向下延拓的泊松積分迭代法、逆泊松積分FFT法和直接代表法。利用GT-2A航空重力測量系統(tǒng)在平原和山區(qū)的觀測數(shù)據(jù)以及測區(qū)內的地面重力數(shù)據(jù),對設計的重力擾動信號提取方法予以驗證,對重力擾動向下延拓方法進行比較,對GT-2A航空重力系統(tǒng)的測量精度予以評價。本文的主要研究內容及成果如下:1)在系統(tǒng)闡述航空重力測量基本原理和數(shù)據(jù)處理方法的基礎上,重點研究了 FIR、IIR和Kalman濾波器的設計方法,介紹了重力擾動向下延拓的泊松積分迭代法、逆泊松積分FFT法和直接代表法。針對GT-2A航空重力測量數(shù)據(jù),設計了一套重力擾動信號提取和精度評定的方法。2)實現(xiàn)了窗函數(shù)法設計的FIR低通濾波器、巴特沃斯和切比雪夫逼近設計的IIR低通濾波器、基于Kalman濾波原理設計的向前濾波、向后平滑算法。將各濾波器解算的重力擾動結果分別與GT型航空重力測量系統(tǒng)配套商用軟件GTGRAV的解算結果進行比較,對其差值進行統(tǒng)計。結果表明海明窗函數(shù)設計的FIR低通濾波器在重力擾動信號提取中表現(xiàn)得最穩(wěn)定,解算結果最接近于軟件處理結果,兩者的差值標準差為±1.25 mGal。3)利用航線交叉點數(shù)據(jù)和重復測線數(shù)據(jù)評定GT-2A測量系統(tǒng)的內符合精度。測線網(wǎng)平差前由交叉點數(shù)據(jù)評定的內符合精度為1.39 mGal,測線網(wǎng)平差后評定的內符合精度為0.88 mGal;利用重復測線數(shù)據(jù)評定的內符合精度為0.85 mGal。結果表明GT-2A測量系統(tǒng)的內符合精度優(yōu)于1 mGal。4)分別基于泊松積分迭代法、逆泊松積分FFT法和直接代表法實現(xiàn)了重力擾動的向下延拓。將GT-2A測量得到的航線上的重力擾動向下延拓到地面重力觀測點上與地面重力數(shù)據(jù)比較,評定GT-2A測量系統(tǒng)的外符合精度。結果表明,在選取最佳濾波參數(shù)時,逆泊松積分FFT法的延拓結果精度最高、適用性最好。平坦地區(qū)測量結果的外符合精度為1.46mGal;山區(qū)4000m高程面上測量結果的外符合精度為3.17mGal,4500m高程面上測量結果的外符合精度為3.36mGal。
[Abstract]:This paper introduces the basic principle and data processing method of airborne gravimetry, studies the design method of FIR,IIR low-pass filter and Kalman filter in gravity disturbance signal extraction, and the Poisson integral iterative method for downward continuation of gravity disturbance. Inverse Poisson integral FFT method and direct representation method. Based on the data of GT-2A aerial gravity measurement system in plain and mountain area and the ground gravity data in the measured area, the method of extracting gravity disturbance signal is verified, and the downward continuation method of gravity disturbance is compared. The measurement accuracy of GT-2A airborne gravity system is evaluated. The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: 1) on the basis of systematically expounding the basic principles and data processing methods of airborne gravimetry, the design methods of FIR,IIR and Kalman filters are emphatically studied. The Poisson integral iterative method, inverse Poisson integral FFT method and direct representation method for downward continuation of gravity disturbance are introduced. For the airborne gravity measurement data of GT-2A, a set of methods for extracting gravity disturbance signal and evaluating the accuracy are designed. 2) the FIR low-pass filter designed by window function method and the IIR low-pass filter designed by Butterworth and Chebyshev approximation are implemented. Forward filtering and backward smoothing algorithm based on Kalman filtering principle. The results of gravity disturbance calculated by each filter are compared with those of the commercial software GTGRAV of GT type airborne gravity measurement system, and the difference between them is statistically analyzed. The results show that the FIR low-pass filter designed by the hamming window function is the most stable in the gravity disturbance signal extraction, and the solution is the closest to the software processing result. The standard deviation of the difference between them is 鹵1. 25 mGal.3). The accuracy of the GT-2A measurement system is evaluated by using the route intersection data and the repeated line data. Accuracy of Internal coincidence evaluated by intersection data before Survey Network Adjustment is 1. 39 mGal, Internal coincidence accuracy is 0. 88 mGal; using repeated Line data to evaluate Internal coincidence accuracy of 0. 85 mGal. The results show that the accuracy of internal coincidence of GT-2A measurement system is better than 1 mGal.4. The downward continuation of gravity disturbance is realized based on Poisson integral iterative method, inverse Poisson integral FFT method and direct representation method, respectively. The gravity disturbance obtained from the GT-2A survey is extended downward to the ground gravity observation point and compared with the ground gravity data to evaluate the external coincidence accuracy of the GT-2A measurement system. The results show that the inverse Poisson integral FFT method has the highest accuracy and the best applicability when the optimal filtering parameters are selected. The external coincidence accuracy of the measured results in the flat area is 1.46mGaland in the mountain area on the 4000m elevation plane is 3.17mGal-4500m, and the external coincidence accuracy on the 4500m elevation plane is 3.36mGal.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P223.4

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