基于Hadoop的云GIS若干關鍵技術研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-13 08:48
【摘要】：云計算是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)計算發(fā)展到一定階段的產(chǎn)物,是并行計算、網(wǎng)格計算等多種新型計算方式演進的最新結(jié)果。云計算無限擴展的存儲技術可以滿足快速增長的空間數(shù)據(jù)對存儲空間的需求,強大的計算能力可為空間信息的檢索、處理、分析等提供高速的服務保證。本文針對GIS當前所面臨的海量數(shù)據(jù)存儲、處理、分析與持續(xù)服務等問題,結(jié)合GIS和云計算的特點,將開源Hadoop云計算平臺應用到空間信息服務領域,研究利用Hadoop云計算平臺提供的分布式存儲能力和并行計算能力,構(gòu)建基于Hadoop的GIS應用,并對其中的一些關鍵技術進行研究。本文主要工作如下:(1)在分析商業(yè)云GIS體系結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎上,設計了基于Hadoop的云GIS體系結(jié)構(gòu)。體系結(jié)構(gòu)包括物理設備層、平臺層、軟件層、應用層等4層,以及橫跨多個層次的用戶管理、服務管理、資源管理、監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、容災備份、運營管理等服務。設計了基于Hadoop的云GIS部署模式。整個基于Hadoop的云GIS系統(tǒng)由平臺管理門戶、GIS Web服務器集群及多個Hadoop集群組成。分析了體系結(jié)構(gòu)特點,為后面的研究內(nèi)容奠定了基礎。(2)本文在空間信息格網(wǎng)單元和OGC簡單要素規(guī)范基礎上,結(jié)合矢量數(shù)據(jù)的特點,利用格網(wǎng)單元ID的唯一性、多尺度性及索引性,提出了一種以格網(wǎng)單元為存儲單位的矢量數(shù)據(jù)存儲方案;結(jié)合矢量要素的定性屬性數(shù)據(jù),設計了矢量數(shù)據(jù)的存儲格式“GWKT(Grid Well-know Text)”;為了達到矢量要素標識全球唯一,本文基于格網(wǎng)單元和Hilbert曲線的Base16編碼,結(jié)合HBase數(shù)據(jù)庫的特點,設計了矢量要素標識的編碼,并實現(xiàn)了編碼的生成算法;研究實現(xiàn)了基于單調(diào)鏈的矢量要素分割與合并算法,可有效的分割和合并線狀和面狀要素;在HBase基礎上,擴展了HBase的數(shù)據(jù)類型及其過濾器,實現(xiàn)了屬性數(shù)據(jù)的快速查詢。(3)針對海量空間數(shù)據(jù)處理能力不足問題,設計了基于HDFS的矢量數(shù)據(jù)存儲格式,實現(xiàn)了基于MapReduce的矢量數(shù)據(jù)分割入庫并行處理模型;在MapReduce數(shù)據(jù)過濾器的基礎上,設計了適合基于格網(wǎng)單元的空間數(shù)據(jù)并行計算模型,并以矢量數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)分析作為實例進行了驗證;設計實現(xiàn)了基于MapReduce的kNN空間數(shù)據(jù)查詢算法;分析了基于MapReduce的空間數(shù)據(jù)并行計算效率。(4)在空間信息服務方面,本文在OGC標準服務基礎上,對服務參數(shù)進行了擴展,設計了云GIS空間信息服務分層體系結(jié)構(gòu),實現(xiàn)了基于空間信息多級格網(wǎng)的WMS、WMTS、WFS和WPS等服務;設計實現(xiàn)了空間信息服務接口,以實現(xiàn)客戶端與服務器端的完全解耦。(5)在前文研究基礎上,設計并實現(xiàn)了基于Hadoop的云GIS原型系統(tǒng),完成了海量柵格與矢量數(shù)據(jù)的高效存儲與管理、空間數(shù)據(jù)并行計算以及基于Hadoop的空間信息服務等關鍵模塊;并對相關模塊做了性能測試,驗證了本文提出的相關存儲模型和計算模型的可行性、有效性以及高效性。
[Abstract]:Cloud computing is the product of the development of Internet computing to a certain stage. It is the latest result of the evolution of many new computing methods, such as parallel computing, grid computing and so on. The storage technology of infinite expansion of cloud computing can meet the demand for storage space of rapidly growing spatial data. Powerful computing power can provide high-speed service guarantee for spatial information retrieval, processing, analysis and so on. Aiming at the problems of massive data storage, processing, analysis and continuous service in GIS, combining the characteristics of GIS and cloud computing, the open source Hadoop cloud computing platform is applied to the field of spatial information service. The distributed storage and parallel computing capabilities provided by Hadoop cloud computing platform are used to construct GIS applications based on Hadoop, and some key technologies are studied. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) based on the analysis of business cloud GIS architecture, a cloud GIS architecture based on Hadoop is designed. The architecture includes four layers: physical device layer, platform layer, software layer, application layer, and so on, as well as services such as user management, service management, resource management, monitoring system, disaster recovery backup, operation management and so on. A cloud GIS deployment model based on Hadoop is designed. The whole cloud GIS system based on Hadoop consists of platform management portal, GIS Web server cluster and multiple Hadoop clusters. The characteristics of the architecture are analyzed, which lays the foundation for the later research. (2) based on the specification of spatial information grid element and OGC simple element, combined with the characteristics of vector data, the uniqueness of grid element ID is used in this paper. In this paper, a vector data storage scheme with grid unit as storage unit is proposed, which is multiscale and indexed. Combining the qualitative attribute data of vector elements, the storage format "GWKT (Grid Well-know Text" of vector data is designed. In order to achieve the global uniqueness of vector element identification, based on the Base16 coding of grid element and Hilbert curve, combined with the characteristics of HBase database, the encoding of vector element identification is designed, and the coding algorithm is realized. The algorithm of vector element segmentation and merging based on monotone chain is studied, which can effectively segment and merge linear and plane elements. On the basis of HBase, the data type and its filter of HBase are extended, and the fast query of attribute data is realized. (3) aiming at the problem of insufficient processing ability of massive spatial data, the vector data storage format based on HDFS is designed. The parallel processing model of vector data segmentation and input database based on MapReduce is implemented. On the basis of MapReduce data filter, the parallel computing model of spatial data based on grid element is designed, and the vector data buffer analysis is used as an example to verify it, and the kNN spatial data query algorithm based on MapReduce is designed and implemented. The efficiency of parallel computing of spatial data based on MapReduce is analyzed. (4) in the aspect of spatial information service, the service parameters are extended on the basis of OGC standard service, and the hierarchical architecture of cloud GIS spatial information service is designed. The services such as WMS,WMTS,WFS and WPS based on spatial information multilevel grid are realized. The spatial information service interface is designed and implemented to realize the complete decoupling between the client and the server. (5) based on the previous research, a cloud GIS prototype system based on Hadoop is designed and implemented. The key modules, such as efficient storage and management of massive grid and vector data, parallel computing of spatial data and spatial information service based on Hadoop, are completed. The performance tests of the related modules are carried out to verify the feasibility, effectiveness and efficiency of the related storage model and the computing model proposed in this paper.
【學位授予單位】：解放軍信息工程大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208
本文編號：2328605
[Abstract]:Cloud computing is the product of the development of Internet computing to a certain stage. It is the latest result of the evolution of many new computing methods, such as parallel computing, grid computing and so on. The storage technology of infinite expansion of cloud computing can meet the demand for storage space of rapidly growing spatial data. Powerful computing power can provide high-speed service guarantee for spatial information retrieval, processing, analysis and so on. Aiming at the problems of massive data storage, processing, analysis and continuous service in GIS, combining the characteristics of GIS and cloud computing, the open source Hadoop cloud computing platform is applied to the field of spatial information service. The distributed storage and parallel computing capabilities provided by Hadoop cloud computing platform are used to construct GIS applications based on Hadoop, and some key technologies are studied. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) based on the analysis of business cloud GIS architecture, a cloud GIS architecture based on Hadoop is designed. The architecture includes four layers: physical device layer, platform layer, software layer, application layer, and so on, as well as services such as user management, service management, resource management, monitoring system, disaster recovery backup, operation management and so on. A cloud GIS deployment model based on Hadoop is designed. The whole cloud GIS system based on Hadoop consists of platform management portal, GIS Web server cluster and multiple Hadoop clusters. The characteristics of the architecture are analyzed, which lays the foundation for the later research. (2) based on the specification of spatial information grid element and OGC simple element, combined with the characteristics of vector data, the uniqueness of grid element ID is used in this paper. In this paper, a vector data storage scheme with grid unit as storage unit is proposed, which is multiscale and indexed. Combining the qualitative attribute data of vector elements, the storage format "GWKT (Grid Well-know Text" of vector data is designed. In order to achieve the global uniqueness of vector element identification, based on the Base16 coding of grid element and Hilbert curve, combined with the characteristics of HBase database, the encoding of vector element identification is designed, and the coding algorithm is realized. The algorithm of vector element segmentation and merging based on monotone chain is studied, which can effectively segment and merge linear and plane elements. On the basis of HBase, the data type and its filter of HBase are extended, and the fast query of attribute data is realized. (3) aiming at the problem of insufficient processing ability of massive spatial data, the vector data storage format based on HDFS is designed. The parallel processing model of vector data segmentation and input database based on MapReduce is implemented. On the basis of MapReduce data filter, the parallel computing model of spatial data based on grid element is designed, and the vector data buffer analysis is used as an example to verify it, and the kNN spatial data query algorithm based on MapReduce is designed and implemented. The efficiency of parallel computing of spatial data based on MapReduce is analyzed. (4) in the aspect of spatial information service, the service parameters are extended on the basis of OGC standard service, and the hierarchical architecture of cloud GIS spatial information service is designed. The services such as WMS,WMTS,WFS and WPS based on spatial information multilevel grid are realized. The spatial information service interface is designed and implemented to realize the complete decoupling between the client and the server. (5) based on the previous research, a cloud GIS prototype system based on Hadoop is designed and implemented. The key modules, such as efficient storage and management of massive grid and vector data, parallel computing of spatial data and spatial information service based on Hadoop, are completed. The performance tests of the related modules are carried out to verify the feasibility, effectiveness and efficiency of the related storage model and the computing model proposed in this paper.
【學位授予單位】：解放軍信息工程大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208
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，本文編號：2328605
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