發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-03 16:56

【摘要】：城市是人類(lèi)文明的主要構(gòu)成部分,是人類(lèi)生存的重要場(chǎng)所之一,伴隨人類(lèi)的進(jìn)步發(fā)展起來(lái)的,還是地面各類(lèi)生產(chǎn)資料、信息、能量等彼此傳遞互換的場(chǎng)地。城市化即人口大量地向城市進(jìn)軍,城市人口迅速地增加,現(xiàn)有的城市空間不能滿(mǎn)足大量人口的需要,城市范圍逐漸向外擴(kuò)大的過(guò)程。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的不斷加速,全球城市化與城市體系正發(fā)生著重要轉(zhuǎn)型與重構(gòu),發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家城市化基本進(jìn)入了成熟階段,城市化研究熱點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到了發(fā)展中國(guó)家,尤其是中國(guó)獨(dú)特的城市化道路引起廣泛關(guān)注。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長(zhǎng)及經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化等因素使城市的生活便捷、交通更加快捷、教育更加發(fā)達(dá)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不斷齊備,為了追求更優(yōu)質(zhì)的生活質(zhì)量大量的農(nóng)村人口進(jìn)入城市,狹小的城市空間不足以滿(mǎn)足大量人口的需求,城市必須擴(kuò)大現(xiàn)有的面積來(lái)滿(mǎn)足這些需求。在給人類(lèi)帶來(lái)優(yōu)質(zhì)生活的同時(shí)城市的建設(shè)發(fā)展、生態(tài)環(huán)境受到了嚴(yán)重的影響,一系列的城市問(wèn)題由此爆發(fā)。因此合理的進(jìn)行城市擴(kuò)展是當(dāng)前研究的熱門(mén)之一。然而采用傳統(tǒng)的城市用地規(guī)模統(tǒng)計(jì)來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)城市擴(kuò)展變化已不能滿(mǎn)足當(dāng)前的需要,因此通過(guò)科技手段來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)城市發(fā)展已是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。目前,地理信息系統(tǒng)和遙感技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,利用航天遙感影像解譯來(lái)研究城市發(fā)展可快速掌握城市建設(shè)用地的利用情況,為掌握和控制城市建設(shè)用地的規(guī)模工作提供實(shí)時(shí)的輔助決策信息。本文以四川省南充市為研究對(duì)象,先收集國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究成果,對(duì)城市擴(kuò)展及其驅(qū)動(dòng)力機(jī)制進(jìn)行分析研究,采用2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年4期的衛(wèi)星影像數(shù)據(jù)為主要數(shù)據(jù)源,在南充市政府統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒和ARCGIS、ENVI等軟件的支撐下,分析了南充市建城區(qū)城市擴(kuò)展的動(dòng)態(tài)變化和引起該變化的動(dòng)因。本文主要對(duì)以下內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了研究:(1)城市用地?cái)U(kuò)展信息提取。運(yùn)用幾何校正、圖像裁剪、影像增強(qiáng)對(duì)研究區(qū)的四期衛(wèi)星遙感影進(jìn)行圖像預(yù)處理,再使用基于最大似然法的監(jiān)督分類(lèi)和非監(jiān)督分類(lèi)法獲取城市擴(kuò)展信息,并進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。(2)研究城市擴(kuò)展的時(shí)空變化。分析南充市建成區(qū)擴(kuò)展的面積變化、形態(tài)和空間變化等方面來(lái)研究城市擴(kuò)展的速度、方向、緊湊度等指標(biāo)。(3)城市擴(kuò)展的動(dòng)力機(jī)制研究。從自然地理?xiàng)l件、經(jīng)濟(jì)、交通、人口、城市規(guī)劃等方面研究南充市城市擴(kuò)展驅(qū)動(dòng)力。通過(guò)研究得出以下結(jié)論:(1)將選用的基于最大似然法的監(jiān)督分類(lèi)和非監(jiān)督分類(lèi)這兩種方法對(duì)南充市建成區(qū)擴(kuò)展信息進(jìn)行提取,經(jīng)過(guò)比較分析顯示監(jiān)督分類(lèi)對(duì)提取建成區(qū)邊界效果更好。(2)從2000年到2015年,南充市建成區(qū)的面積不斷擴(kuò)大,重心位置發(fā)生偏移,先是從南向北移動(dòng),再?gòu)谋毕蚰弦苿?dòng)。(3)由建成區(qū)擴(kuò)展的速度與強(qiáng)度可知,南充市建成區(qū)的擴(kuò)展速度和強(qiáng)度由強(qiáng)變慢,說(shuō)明南充市城市擴(kuò)展逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定。(4)城市擴(kuò)展的驅(qū)動(dòng)力因素側(cè)重有自然地理因素、經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展速率、人口規(guī)模、公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的完備程度、城市總體規(guī)劃等5個(gè)因素。
[Abstract]:Cities are the main components of human civilization and one of the important places for human survival. Along with the progress of human beings, cities are also the places where all kinds of means of production, information and energy on the ground can be transferred and exchanged. With the acceleration of economic globalization, the global urbanization and urban system are undergoing an important transformation and reconstruction. The urbanization of developed countries has basically entered a mature stage, and the focus of urbanization research has shifted to developing countries, especially China's unique urbanization path. China's rapid economic growth and economic globalization have made life more convenient, transportation faster, education more developed, and infrastructure more complete. In order to pursue a better quality of life, a large number of rural people enter the city, and the narrow urban space is not enough to meet the needs of a large number of people, the city must Expanding the existing area to meet these needs. While bringing good quality of life to mankind, urban construction and development, the ecological environment has been seriously affected, and a series of urban problems have erupted. Urban expansion and change can not meet the current needs, so it is urgent to monitor urban development through scientific and technological means. At present, the rapid development of geographic information system and remote sensing technology, the use of space remote sensing image interpretation to study urban development can quickly grasp the use of urban construction land, in order to grasp and control the use of urban construction. This paper takes Nanchong City of Sichuan Province as the research object, first collects the research results at home and abroad, then analyzes and studies the urban expansion and its driving force mechanism, using the satellite image data of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 as the main data source, and in Nanchong Municipal Government Statistical Yearbook. With the support of ARCGIS, ENVI and other softwares, this paper analyzes the dynamic changes of the urban expansion in Jiancheng District of Nanchong City and the causes of the changes. Then the supervised classification and unsupervised classification based on maximum likelihood method are used to obtain the information of urban expansion and make a comparative analysis. (2) The spatial and temporal changes of urban expansion are studied. This paper studies the driving forces of urban expansion in Nanchong from the aspects of natural geographical conditions, economy, transportation, population, urban planning and so on. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) Supervised classification and unsupervised classification based on maximum likelihood method are selected to extract the expansion information of Nanchong built-up area, and the results are compared. From 2000 to 2015, the area of the built-up area of Nanchong city expanded continuously, the position of the center of gravity shifted from south to north, and then moved from north to south. (3) From the speed and intensity of the expansion of the built-up area, we can see that the expansion speed and intensity of the built-up area of Nanchong city changed from strong to slow. The urban expansion of Nanchong City in Ming Dynasty tends to be stable gradually. (4) The driving forces of urban expansion include five factors: natural geographical factors, economic development rate, population size, the completeness of public infrastructure, urban master plan and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F299.27;P237

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本文編號(hào)：2220605