本文選題：地下位移 + 三維測量��； 參考：《中國計量學(xué)院》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：摘要：滑坡災(zāi)害發(fā)生頻繁、危害巨大�；卤O(jiān)測的各項內(nèi)容中，地下位移的監(jiān)測能直觀地反映地下土體的變形情況，是滑坡監(jiān)測的重點和難點。對可能發(fā)生滑坡的區(qū)域進行地下位移實時在線測量，能起到及時的預(yù)警作用。 國內(nèi)外對于坡體深部位移的監(jiān)測，主要利用埋設(shè)在地質(zhì)鉆孔中的測斜儀、多點位移計和TDR同軸電纜。三種主流測量方法都不能測量出地下位移的三維變化。鑒于此，筆者提出一種基于霍爾和磁阻效應(yīng)的地下位移三維測量方法。 分析滑坡發(fā)生時的地質(zhì)變化情況，，選取常見的旋轉(zhuǎn)型滑坡、平移型滑坡和塊體滑移作為測量對象�；诨瑒芋w的局部地質(zhì)構(gòu)造不變性以及三維位移輪廓模型，提出測量方案：將多個圓柱形測量單元沿著共同的中軸線串接后埋入待測土體，通過測量所有相鄰單元間的相對位移來實現(xiàn)整個地下土體位移的測量。 將霍爾傳感器陣列、磁鋼、磁阻傳感器以及屏蔽層安裝在圓柱形測量單元之中，并建立三維系統(tǒng)坐標系。對于測量單元A中的霍爾傳感器陣列與測量單元B中的磁鋼，地下土體的變形會改變兩者之間的相對位置。只要得到磁鋼在變形前后的三維坐標，通過幾何運算就能得出相對位移的大小。 搭建實驗平臺，逐步改變霍爾傳感器與磁鋼間的相對位置以標定傳感器。采用標定的數(shù)據(jù)，根據(jù)圓柱形磁鋼的磁場分布并結(jié)合MATLAB分析得出磁感應(yīng)強度（霍爾電壓）等值線，進而構(gòu)建等值面模型。基于等值面模型，設(shè)計采用三個呈等邊三角形分布的霍爾傳感器組成傳感器陣列。對于空間中的一個磁鋼，每一個霍爾傳感器對應(yīng)一個特定的霍爾電壓及等值曲面。三個等值曲面相交于一點，該點的三維坐標由相應(yīng)的算法得出。 磁阻傳感器對地磁的測量結(jié)合磁鋼三維坐標的測量，可完成相鄰測量單元之間相對位移的方向測量。相對位移的測量范圍可由一個三維空間中的柱體表示。該柱體是三個圓柱體相交的公共部分，其大小基于霍爾傳感器標定的空間范圍。 實驗結(jié)果表明：磁鋼三維坐標的測量誤差保持在±5%以內(nèi)，地磁測量的誤差在±2%以內(nèi)，相鄰單元間的相對位移測量滿足實際要求。
[Abstract]:Abstract: landslide disasters occur frequently and cause great harm. Among the contents of landslide monitoring, the monitoring of underground displacement can directly reflect the deformation of underground soil, which is the key and difficult point of landslide monitoring. Real-time online measurement of underground displacement in areas where landslides may occur can play a timely and early warning role. For the monitoring of deep displacement of slope body at home and abroad, the inclinometer, multipoint displacement meter and TDR coaxial cable are mainly used. None of the three main methods can measure the three-dimensional variation of underground displacement. In view of this, a 3D measurement method of underground displacement based on Hall and magnetoresistive effect is proposed. Based on the analysis of the geological changes during the occurrence of the landslide, the common rotating landslide, the translational landslide and the block slip are selected as the measuring objects. Based on the local geological structure invariance of the sliding body and the 3D displacement profile model, the measurement scheme is put forward: multiple cylindrical measuring units are connected in series along the common central axis and buried into the soil under test. The displacement of the whole underground soil is measured by measuring the relative displacement of all adjacent elements. Hall sensor array, magnetosteel, magnetoresistive sensor and shielding layer are installed in cylindrical measurement unit, and 3D coordinate system is established. For Hall sensor array in measurement unit A and magnetic steel in measurement unit B, the deformation of underground soil will change the relative position between them. As long as the three-dimensional coordinates of the magnetic steel before and after deformation are obtained, the relative displacement can be obtained by geometric calculation. The relative position between Hall sensor and magnetic steel is changed step by step to calibrate the sensor. According to the magnetic field distribution of cylindrical magnetic steel and MATLAB analysis, the magnetic induction intensity (Hall voltage) isoline is obtained by using the calibrated data, and the isosurface model is constructed. Based on the isosurface model, three Hall sensors with equilateral triangle distribution are used to form the sensor array. For a magnetic steel in space, each Hall sensor corresponds to a specific Hall voltage and equivalent surface. The three equivalent surfaces intersect at one point, and the three dimensional coordinates of this point are obtained by the corresponding algorithm. The measurement of geomagnetism by magnetoresistive sensor combined with the measurement of 3D coordinate of magnetic steel can accomplish the direction measurement of relative displacement between adjacent measuring units. The measurement range of relative displacement can be expressed by a cylinder in a three-dimensional space. The cylinder is a common part of the intersection of three cylinders, and its size is based on the spatial range calibrated by Hall sensors. The experimental results show that the measurement error of 3D coordinate of magnetic steel is kept within 鹵5%, and the error of geomagnetic measurement is less than 鹵2%. The relative displacement measurement between adjacent elements meets the practical requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國計量學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P642.22;P227

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