發(fā)布時間：2018-07-02 14:04

  本文選題：地下水 + 脆弱性��； 參考：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著中國城鎮(zhèn)化的迅速發(fā)展，地下水污染問題日益嚴(yán)重，導(dǎo)致可利用地下水資源的減少，，加劇了水資源供需矛盾，直接影響生產(chǎn)、生活與生態(tài)環(huán)境的健康發(fā)展。對大連市區(qū)地下水污染進行緊迫性分析，有利于優(yōu)化資源與人力在地下水污染治理中的分配，使相關(guān)部門對地下水污染的治理更高效；也可供決策部門在進行地下水開發(fā)利用中參考，以實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目的。 地下水環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價是判斷區(qū)域地下水水質(zhì)狀況的常用方法，地下水污染評價以地下水質(zhì)量評價為基礎(chǔ)，地下水本質(zhì)的脆弱性和外部污染源等級是影響地下水質(zhì)量的兩個重要因素。本文以大連市中心城區(qū)為研究區(qū)，針對市區(qū)地下水脆弱性與緊迫性問題進行研究，主要內(nèi)容包括： （1）全面總結(jié)目前國內(nèi)外地下水污染的研究現(xiàn)狀，分析了地下水脆弱性評價、污染源分級、地下水質(zhì)量評價的研究方法以及GIS工具在地下水脆弱性及水質(zhì)評價中的應(yīng)用，探討了地下水污染緊迫性研究的思路。 （2）從影響地下水質(zhì)量的固有脆弱性因素出發(fā)，對大連市地下水221個數(shù)據(jù)進行了脆弱性評價。評價采用較為成熟的DRASTIC評價體系，使用熵權(quán)法確定其權(quán)重，最終得到脆弱性評價指數(shù)。利用ArcGIS軟件對7個指標(biāo)進行了分區(qū)制圖與空間合并。根據(jù)脆弱性評價結(jié)果將其分為五個等級，并對結(jié)果進行了分析。 （3）從釋放污染物的污染源因素出發(fā)，詳細(xì)調(diào)查了大連市的農(nóng)林污染源、生活污染源、工礦業(yè)污染源、污水處理廠、垃圾填埋場與海水入侵六種類型污染源的分布情況，采用簡單評判法與詳細(xì)分級法相結(jié)合的方法分別對其進行了評價。利用ArcGIS軟件進行了制圖，最終得到了污染源分級圖，并根據(jù)評價結(jié)果將其分為低、中、高三個級別，對大連市污染源分布狀況進行了分析。 （4）對大連市地下水環(huán)境質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀進行了評價。首先采用了加附注式評分法對2011年9月的156個數(shù)據(jù)進行了分級評價。然后利用聚類分析方法對其進行了分類評價。最后基于ArcGIS軟件利用克里金插值法將156個點狀數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為面狀數(shù)據(jù)，得到大連市地下水質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀評價圖，并對其進行了分析。 （5）探討了地下水污染緊迫性的概念，通過對比地下水脆弱性與污染源的關(guān)系得到推斷地下水質(zhì)量的理論分析表，并使之與地下水質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀對比以檢驗其可行性。通過對比大連市地下水脆弱性圖、污染源分級圖與地下水質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀圖三者之間的關(guān)系，對大連市地下水污染提出治理策略與建議。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the problem of groundwater pollution is becoming more and more serious, which leads to the reduction of available groundwater resources, exacerbates the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, and directly affects the healthy development of production, life and ecological environment. The analysis of the urgency of groundwater pollution in Dalian is helpful to optimize the distribution of resources and manpower in groundwater pollution control and to make the relevant departments more efficient in groundwater pollution treatment. It can also be used as a reference for decision-making departments in groundwater exploitation and utilization to realize the purpose of sustainable development. Groundwater environmental quality assessment is a common method to judge regional groundwater quality. Groundwater pollution assessment is based on groundwater quality evaluation. The essential fragility of groundwater and the grade of external pollution sources are two important factors affecting the quality of groundwater. In this paper, taking Dalian downtown as the research area, the vulnerability and urgency of groundwater in urban area are studied. The main contents are as follows: (1) summarize the current situation of groundwater pollution at home and abroad. The research methods of groundwater vulnerability assessment, pollution source classification, groundwater quality assessment and the application of GIS tools in groundwater vulnerability and water quality assessment are analyzed. The urgency of groundwater pollution is discussed. (2) based on the inherent vulnerability factors affecting groundwater quality 221 data of groundwater in Dalian are evaluated. The evaluation adopts the relatively mature DRASTIC evaluation system and uses the entropy weight method to determine its weight and finally obtains the vulnerability evaluation index. By using ArcGIS software, 7 indexes were mapped and combined with space. According to the result of vulnerability assessment, it is divided into five grades, and the results are analyzed. (3) the pollution sources of agriculture and forestry, life pollution, industry and mining industry in Dalian are investigated in detail from the pollution source factors of releasing pollutants. The distribution of six types of pollution sources in sewage treatment plants, landfills and seawater intrusion was evaluated by the combination of simple evaluation method and detailed classification method. Finally, the pollution source classification map is obtained by using ArcGIS software. According to the evaluation results, it is divided into three levels: low, middle and high. The distribution of pollution sources in Dalian is analyzed. (4) the present situation of groundwater environmental quality in Dalian is evaluated. Firstly, 156 data of September 2011 were evaluated by adding note scoring method. Then it is evaluated by cluster analysis. Finally, based on ArcGIS software, 156 point data are transformed into plane data by using Kriging interpolation method, and the evaluation map of groundwater quality in Dalian is obtained and analyzed. (5) the concept of urgency of groundwater pollution is discussed. By comparing the relationship between groundwater vulnerability and pollution sources, a theoretical analysis table for inferring groundwater quality is obtained and compared with the present situation of groundwater quality in order to test its feasibility. By comparing the relationship among groundwater vulnerability map, pollution source classification map and groundwater quality chart, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the treatment of groundwater pollution in Dalian.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;X824

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本文編號：2090355