本文選題：天頂總延遲 + 可降水量��； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：目前GNSS水汽反演的研究方向主要集中于靜態(tài)分段估計(jì)對(duì)流層,然后根據(jù)所得對(duì)流層轉(zhuǎn)化為可降水量,并將其應(yīng)用于降雨等氣象方面的分析。由于天氣每時(shí)每刻存在變化,靜態(tài)分段估計(jì)可能不足以滿足實(shí)時(shí)可降水量監(jiān)測(cè)的要求,故本文主要針對(duì)如何提高動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)流層的估計(jì)精度進(jìn)行了深入的研究,研究工作主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面：首先研究了提高差分GPS近實(shí)時(shí)獲取動(dòng)態(tài)可降水量精度的方法。差分GPS解算對(duì)流層的過程中僅需要采用預(yù)報(bào)軌道就可以獲取實(shí)時(shí)對(duì)流層,進(jìn)而轉(zhuǎn)換為實(shí)時(shí)可降水量。為提高解算精度,我們對(duì)基站和流動(dòng)站(靜止臺(tái)站)給予以較高精度的先驗(yàn)坐標(biāo),并對(duì)該坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行1 cm左右的精度約束。利用PBO觀測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的17個(gè)測(cè)站采用上述方法計(jì)算表明：如果基站與流動(dòng)站的測(cè)站高差較小,可以獲取2 mm精度的實(shí)時(shí)可降水量,可以滿足氣象預(yù)報(bào)的要求；反之則獲取的實(shí)時(shí)可降水量精度較差,這是由于測(cè)站上空對(duì)流層的差值與測(cè)站的高差強(qiáng)相關(guān)。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)PPP分析了兩種改進(jìn)的PPP獲取動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)流層延遲的精度。由于差分GNSS獲取對(duì)流層的精度受到測(cè)站高差的約束,PPP的出現(xiàn)則克服了這個(gè)問題,同時(shí)擺脫了差分GNSS需要多臺(tái)接收機(jī)同時(shí)觀測(cè)的負(fù)擔(dān)。由于觀測(cè)量沒有經(jīng)過差分,傳統(tǒng)PPP中的模糊度為浮點(diǎn)解,因此我們嘗試固定模糊度,結(jié)果表明該方法給對(duì)流層帶來(lái)1-2mm的影響,而且可以加速待估參數(shù)的收斂速度；此外,我們還嘗試?yán)肎PS與GLONASS組合PPP技術(shù)解算對(duì)流層,結(jié)果顯示雙星座解算對(duì)流層與單星座解算對(duì)流層在局部差值可達(dá)幾厘米,顯然在觀測(cè)質(zhì)量不佳時(shí)多星座可以增加解算對(duì)流層的可靠性。基于傳統(tǒng)PPP提出了顧及內(nèi)部和外部誤差源對(duì)對(duì)流層解算影響的理論模型。分析了高階電離層誤差、衛(wèi)星鐘差和接收機(jī)鐘差對(duì)對(duì)流層參數(shù)估計(jì)精度的影響,結(jié)果表明電離層非活躍期低緯度地區(qū)二階電離層對(duì)對(duì)流層估計(jì)的影響可達(dá)2 mm,三階電離層的影響不超過0.5mm；單一觀測(cè)量發(fā)生鐘跳可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)流層在局部發(fā)生幾厘米的跳變,針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象本文給出了鐘跳探測(cè)的方法,可應(yīng)用于高精度實(shí)時(shí)對(duì)流層的解算；實(shí)時(shí)衛(wèi)星鐘差與最終衛(wèi)星鐘差差別可達(dá)數(shù)百米,故需要合理設(shè)置接收機(jī)鐘差的過程噪聲。采用動(dòng)態(tài)PPP技術(shù),首次分析了基于海、陸、空載體的移動(dòng)GNSS水汽獲取精度。研究表明利用船載、車載和機(jī)載GNSS的數(shù)據(jù)可以獲取中誤差約為lcm左右的動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)流層延遲,轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)態(tài)可降水量的精度在2-3 mm左右。提出了附加約束條件的PPP算法。傳統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)PPP精度通常在分米級(jí),為提高動(dòng)態(tài)PPP精度,可以利用生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中存在的已知信息,這些信息包括內(nèi)部解算參數(shù)之間的聯(lián)系和外部的已知數(shù)據(jù)�；谶@些已知信息本文提出了附加約束條件的PPP算法,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析表明該算法在一定的條件下可以提高參數(shù)的收斂速度,大大提高PPP的定位精度,同時(shí)也極大改善了對(duì)流層參數(shù)估計(jì)的精度。最終研究了基于PPP技術(shù)的實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)可降水量獲取方法,分析了利用GNSS對(duì)暴雨進(jìn)行預(yù)警的可行性。利用預(yù)報(bào)軌道與實(shí)時(shí)衛(wèi)星鐘差對(duì)2014年3月底香港地區(qū)的12個(gè)CORS站的對(duì)流層進(jìn)行了計(jì)算和分析,研究結(jié)果顯示GPS測(cè)定的暴雨警告與香港天文臺(tái)發(fā)布的警告高度吻合。
[Abstract]:At present, the research direction of GNSS water vapor inversion is mainly focused on static sectional estimation of troposphere, and then based on the conversion of the troposphere to precipitable water and applying it to the meteorological aspects of rainfall. Because of the change in the weather every moment, the static sectional estimation may not meet the requirements of real-time precipitation monitoring. This paper mainly focuses on how to improve the estimation accuracy of dynamic troposphere. The research work mainly includes the following aspects: first, the method of improving the precision of dynamic precipitable water in the near real time of differential GPS is studied. In the process of calculating the troposphere, the real time troposphere can be obtained only by using the forecast orbit in the process of the differential GPS solution. In order to improve the real-time precipitable water, we give higher precision prior coordinates to the base station and the mobile station (stationary station) and carry out the precision constraints of about 1 cm of the coordinate. 17 stations in the PBO observation network are used to calculate the above methods: if the height difference between the base station and the station is smaller, The real-time precipitable water of 2 mm precision can be obtained to meet the requirements of the weather forecast. On the other hand, the accuracy of the real-time precipitable water is poor, because the difference between the troposphere over the station and the height difference of the station is strong. For the traditional PPP analysis, the precision of the dynamic tropospheric delay obtained by the two improved PPP is analyzed. The difference GNSS is obtained. The accuracy of the troposphere is constrained by the height of the station. The emergence of the PPP overcomes this problem and gets rid of the burden that the differential GNSS needs to observe at the same time. Since the observational measurement does not pass the difference, the fuzzy degree in the traditional PPP is floating point solution, so we try to fix the fuzziness, and the result shows that the method brings 1 to the troposphere. The effect of -2mm can also accelerate the convergence rate of the parameters to be estimated. In addition, we also try to solve the troposphere using the combination of GPS and GLONASS, and the results show that the local difference can reach several centimeters in the troposphere and the single constellation solution troposphere. It is obvious that the multi constellation can increase the solution troposphere when the observed mass is poor. Reliability. Based on the traditional PPP, a theoretical model considering the influence of the internal and external error sources on the troposphere is proposed. The influence of high order ionospheric error, satellite clock difference and receiver clock difference on the estimation accuracy of troposphere parameters is analyzed. The results show that the influence of the two order ionosphere on the troposphere estimation in the ionosphere inactive phase of the low latitude area can be found. Up to 2 mm, the influence of the three step ionosphere is not more than 0.5mm; the occurrence of the clock jump in a single measurement may cause the troposphere to occur in a few centimeters of the troposphere. In this paper, a method of detecting the clock jump is given, which can be applied to the calculation of high precision real-time troposphere, and the difference of the clock difference between the real time satellite and the final satellite clock can reach hundreds of meters. It is necessary to reasonably set the process noise of the receiver clock difference. Using the dynamic PPP technology, the accuracy of the moving GNSS water vapor acquisition based on the sea, land and air carrier is analyzed for the first time. The study shows that the data from the ship load, the vehicle and airborne GNSS can obtain the dynamic opposite flow layer delay of about LCM, and the accuracy of the conversion to the dynamic precipitable water is in 2- About 3 mm. A PPP algorithm with additional constraints is proposed. The traditional dynamic PPP precision is usually at the decimeter level to improve the dynamic PPP accuracy. The known information in the production practice can be used. These information includes the connections between the internal calculation parameters and the external known data. Based on these known information, the additional constraint bars are proposed. The PPP algorithm of the part shows that the algorithm can improve the convergence speed of the parameters under certain conditions, greatly improve the positioning accuracy of PPP, and greatly improve the accuracy of the estimation of the troposphere parameters. Finally, the real-time dynamic water reduction method based on PPP technology is studied. The application of GNSS to the rainstorm is analyzed. The feasibility of the early warning is made. The troposphere of 12 CORS stations in Hongkong area at the end of March 2014 is calculated and analyzed using the forecast orbit and the real-time satellite clock difference. The results show that the rainstorm warning measured by GPS is in accordance with the warning height issued by the Hongkong observatory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4;P412.2

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