本文選題：攝影測(cè)量 + 相機(jī)標(biāo)定��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近景攝影測(cè)量,是針對(duì)實(shí)物及其運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的近距離攝影測(cè)量,目前,近景攝影測(cè)量幾乎應(yīng)用于社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。在近景攝影測(cè)量作業(yè)過程中,首先,需要對(duì)物體進(jìn)行攝影,其次,對(duì)所攝像片進(jìn)行再處理以獲取物體靜態(tài)及動(dòng)態(tài)信息。在攝影過程中,主要有量測(cè)型和非量測(cè)型攝影設(shè)備。近年來,隨著近景攝影測(cè)量技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,用非量測(cè)型相機(jī)特別是普通數(shù)碼相機(jī)進(jìn)行影像獲取逐漸成為一種趨勢(shì),但是,非量測(cè)型相機(jī)不是專門為攝影測(cè)量目的設(shè)計(jì)的,它存在結(jié)構(gòu)不穩(wěn),內(nèi)方位元素未知,畸變差較大等缺陷,因此,在使用時(shí)必須對(duì)其進(jìn)行相機(jī)標(biāo)定,而高精度的三維控制場(chǎng)是相機(jī)標(biāo)定時(shí)的一種可靠參照對(duì)象,通過對(duì)控制場(chǎng)的測(cè)量,可以獲取高精度的標(biāo)志點(diǎn)坐標(biāo),為相機(jī)標(biāo)定提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。本文以國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目“基于DCRP的巖體復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)與質(zhì)量表征參數(shù)精細(xì)描述”(41472243)為支持,結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于三維控制場(chǎng)建立的研究現(xiàn)狀,設(shè)計(jì)和建立了用于非量測(cè)相機(jī)標(biāo)定的室外三維控制場(chǎng)。研究主要包括控制場(chǎng)標(biāo)志及點(diǎn)位分布設(shè)計(jì),基于免棱鏡全站儀極坐標(biāo)法的控制場(chǎng)測(cè)量,控制場(chǎng)測(cè)量的數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理,基于軸對(duì)準(zhǔn)法的控制場(chǎng)坐標(biāo)系的建立,基于誤差理論的控制場(chǎng)測(cè)量精度評(píng)定及影響因素分析。論文取得了如下研究成果:(1)室外三維控制場(chǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)。對(duì)控制場(chǎng)標(biāo)志的尺寸、形狀、顏色和材料進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì);研究和確定了控制場(chǎng)點(diǎn)位的分布,在兩棟公寓樓的12個(gè)不同的立面上共布設(shè)了258個(gè)標(biāo)志點(diǎn)。(2)基于免棱鏡全站儀空間極坐標(biāo)法的控制場(chǎng)測(cè)量及數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理。采用全站儀Leica TS30基于空間極坐標(biāo)法對(duì)控制場(chǎng)標(biāo)志點(diǎn)進(jìn)行測(cè)量;根據(jù)測(cè)量限差,結(jié)合觀測(cè)量信息對(duì)標(biāo)志點(diǎn)的初始坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行修正。(3)基于軸對(duì)準(zhǔn)法的控制場(chǎng)坐標(biāo)系建立及坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換。為實(shí)現(xiàn)各立面上標(biāo)志點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)統(tǒng)一和評(píng)定標(biāo)志點(diǎn)測(cè)量的實(shí)際精度,基于軸對(duì)準(zhǔn)法建立了穩(wěn)定的控制場(chǎng)坐標(biāo)系,并將測(cè)量坐標(biāo)系下的坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換到控制場(chǎng)坐標(biāo)系下,以便不同次測(cè)量的坐標(biāo)對(duì)比分析,總結(jié)出坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換點(diǎn)的選取原則。(4)基于誤差理論的精度評(píng)定和影響因素分析�；谡`差理論對(duì)控制場(chǎng)測(cè)量成果進(jìn)行精度評(píng)定,得到控制場(chǎng)點(diǎn)位測(cè)量的理論精度為±2mm,實(shí)際精度為±1.4mm;分析了不同坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換點(diǎn)以及觀測(cè)條件如視線仰角(α),視線與標(biāo)志法線夾角(β),斜距(S)等因素對(duì)于點(diǎn)位精度的影響,得出在室外控制場(chǎng)測(cè)量工作中,應(yīng)盡量控制α小于20°,β小于50°,S小于50m,以獲得較高的控制場(chǎng)測(cè)量精度。為實(shí)現(xiàn)非量測(cè)相機(jī)的標(biāo)定,本文設(shè)計(jì)和建立了高精度的室外三維控制場(chǎng),提供了控制場(chǎng)建立過程中的點(diǎn)位設(shè)計(jì)方案、測(cè)量技術(shù)要求與數(shù)據(jù)處理方法,進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充了室外控制場(chǎng)建立理論,研究成果具有理論和工程實(shí)踐意義。
[Abstract]:Close-range photogrammetry is a kind of close-range photogrammetry aimed at the object and its moving state. At present, close-range photogrammetry is applied in almost every field of social life. In the process of close-range photogrammetry, first of all, the object needs to be photographed, and secondly, the image is reprocessed to obtain the static and dynamic information of the object. In the process of photography, there are mainly measuring and non-measuring photography equipment. In recent years, with the rapid development of close-range photogrammetry technology, it has become a trend to obtain images by using non-measuring cameras, especially ordinary digital cameras. However, non-measurement cameras are not designed specifically for photogrammetry purposes. It has some defects, such as unstable structure, unknown internal azimuth elements, large distortion difference and so on. Therefore, the camera must be calibrated when it is used, and the high precision 3D control field is a reliable reference object for camera calibration. Through the measurement of the control field, the high precision coordinate of the mark point can be obtained, and the basic data can be provided for the camera calibration. This paper is supported by the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, "precise description of complex structure and quality characterization parameters of rock mass based on DCRP", and combined with the research status quo of the establishment of three-dimensional control field at home and abroad. An outdoor three-dimensional control field for non-measurement camera calibration is designed and established. The research mainly includes the design of control field mark and point distribution, the control field measurement based on Polar coordinate method of prism free total station, the data preprocessing of control field measurement, and the establishment of control field coordinate system based on axial alignment method. The accuracy evaluation of control field based on error theory and the analysis of influencing factors are presented. In this paper, the following research results are obtained: 1) the design of outdoor three-dimensional control field. The dimensions, shapes, colors and materials of the control field signs are designed, and the distribution of control field points is studied and determined. A total of 258 mark points are arranged on 12 different facades of two apartment buildings. The control field measurement and data preprocessing based on the prism free total station spatial polar coordinate method are presented. The total station Leica TS30 is used to measure the control field mark point based on the spatial polar coordinate method, and the initial coordinate of the mark point is modified according to the measurement limit and the observation information. The control field coordinate system is established and transformed based on the axial alignment method. In order to realize the coordinate unification of the mark points on each elevation and evaluate the actual accuracy of the mark point measurement, a stable control field coordinate system is established based on the axial alignment method, and the coordinate under the measurement coordinate system is converted to the control field coordinate system. In order to compare and analyze the coordinate of different times, the principle of selecting coordinate transformation point is summarized. (4) the accuracy evaluation based on error theory and the analysis of influencing factors are given. Based on error theory, the accuracy of control field measurement is evaluated. The theoretical accuracy of the control field is 鹵2 mm and the actual accuracy is 鹵1.4 mm. The effects of different coordinate conversion points and observation conditions such as elevation of line of sight (偽), angle of line of sight and normal line of sight (尾), slanting distance S (S) on the accuracy of point position are analyzed. It is concluded that in outdoor control field measurement, 偽 < 20 擄, 尾 < 50 擄S < 50 m should be controlled as far as possible in order to obtain higher precision of control field measurement. In order to realize the calibration of the non-measuring camera, a high precision outdoor 3D control field is designed and established in this paper. The design scheme of the point position, the technical requirements and the data processing method of the control field are provided. The theory of outdoor control field is further supplemented, and the research results are of theoretical and engineering significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P23

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