本文選題：地球重力測(cè)量 + 星間精密測(cè)距��； 參考：《國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：通過(guò)測(cè)量同軌道面上兩顆近距離低軌衛(wèi)星之間的微小距離變化,可以精確反演出地球重力場(chǎng)。為實(shí)現(xiàn)地球重力場(chǎng)的高精度測(cè)量,星間測(cè)距的精度需求為微米量級(jí)。星間精密測(cè)距的基本測(cè)量方法是雙向單程測(cè)距(Dual One-Way Ranging,DOWR)方法,它的一個(gè)制約性基礎(chǔ)條件是要求雙星對(duì)測(cè)量信號(hào)的采樣時(shí)刻之間保持同步。由于雙星的時(shí)鐘不同源,星間時(shí)標(biāo)不能完全同步,會(huì)導(dǎo)致測(cè)距誤差。由此產(chǎn)生了本文研究的基本問(wèn)題——如何降低星間精密測(cè)距中與時(shí)標(biāo)有關(guān)的測(cè)距誤差,為此,論文重點(diǎn)研究了以下四個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問(wèn)題:1.測(cè)距誤差模型問(wèn)題。星間精密測(cè)距中涉及的誤差源非常復(fù)雜,部分誤差源之間還存在相互耦合的關(guān)系。要有效降低星間測(cè)距誤差,必須給出一個(gè)定量描述誤差與其影響要素之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系——測(cè)距誤差模型。因此,如何確定測(cè)距誤差模型成為星間精密測(cè)距的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。2.雙星時(shí)標(biāo)統(tǒng)一問(wèn)題。全球重力場(chǎng)測(cè)量需要高度的時(shí)空統(tǒng)一,星間精密測(cè)距需要兩星時(shí)標(biāo)精確同步,重力測(cè)量結(jié)果的地球坐標(biāo)賦值需要空間位置同步,二者統(tǒng)一歸結(jié)為將衛(wèi)星時(shí)標(biāo)統(tǒng)一到某個(gè)參考時(shí)間系統(tǒng)。在得不到GPS P(Y)碼的支持,且我國(guó)的北斗區(qū)域?qū)Ш较到y(tǒng)目前僅能提供局域溯源的條件下,要自主實(shí)現(xiàn)雙星時(shí)標(biāo)的統(tǒng)一成為瓶頸難題。3.時(shí)標(biāo)偏差修正問(wèn)題。衛(wèi)星重力測(cè)量中的星間精密測(cè)距,需要的是地球經(jīng)緯度坐標(biāo)上的距離測(cè)量值,根據(jù)衛(wèi)星軌道,對(duì)應(yīng)于參考時(shí)間系統(tǒng)中某一時(shí)刻nt上的量值。由于存在時(shí)標(biāo)偏差n?,衛(wèi)星的測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)是時(shí)刻n nt??上的量值。必須對(duì)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)中的時(shí)標(biāo)偏差進(jìn)行有效修正,才能得到精密的星間距離。因此,時(shí)標(biāo)偏差修正問(wèn)題是星間精密測(cè)距的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。4.測(cè)距信號(hào)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題。星間精密測(cè)距的誤差與測(cè)距信號(hào)的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)有直接的關(guān)系。在測(cè)距信號(hào)的結(jié)構(gòu)組成中,頻率設(shè)計(jì)值容許一定的選擇范圍。對(duì)于采用雙頻測(cè)距信號(hào)的星間精密測(cè)距而言,通過(guò)優(yōu)化設(shè)置測(cè)距信號(hào)的頻點(diǎn)可以進(jìn)一步降低測(cè)距誤差,有必要研究最佳的頻率組合以及實(shí)現(xiàn)最佳頻率的方法。因此,測(cè)距信號(hào)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)是星間精密測(cè)距的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。為解決上述關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問(wèn)題,論文建立了雙星時(shí)標(biāo)統(tǒng)一的非相對(duì)論測(cè)距誤差模型,提出了一種基于雙向時(shí)間傳遞和北斗時(shí)局域溯源的時(shí)標(biāo)統(tǒng)一方法,提出了一種基于插值擬合的時(shí)標(biāo)偏差分步修正方法,提出了一種DOWR信號(hào)的頻率優(yōu)化組合方法。這些技術(shù)方法作為上述四個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問(wèn)題的解決方案,均通過(guò)理論分析和仿真驗(yàn)證了其有效性,并在測(cè)距系統(tǒng)中得到了實(shí)現(xiàn),通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了其技術(shù)可行性。
[Abstract]:By measuring the small distance variation between two low-orbit satellites in the same orbit, the Earth's gravity field can be accurately reversed. In order to realize the high precision measurement of the earth gravity field, the precision of the ranging between satellites is of the order of micron. The basic measurement method of intersatellite precision ranging is the dual One-Way ranging DOWR method. One of its restrictive conditions is that the sampling time of the measured signal is required to be synchronized between the two satellites. Because the binary clock is not homologous, the time scale can not be fully synchronized, which will lead to ranging error. Therefore, the basic problem of this paper is how to reduce the ranging error related to time scale in the intersatellite precision ranging. For this reason, this paper focuses on the following four key technical problems: 1. The problem of ranging error model. The error sources involved in the intersatellite precision ranging are very complex, and some of the error sources are coupled with each other. In order to effectively reduce the ranging error between satellites, a functional relationship between the quantitative description error and its influencing factors must be given, that is, the ranging error model. Therefore, how to determine the ranging error model has become the key problem of intersatellite precision ranging. The unification of double star time scale. The global gravity field measurement needs high spatial and temporal unity, the precise ranging between satellites needs the precise synchronization of two satellite time scales, and the earth coordinate assignment of gravity measurement results needs space position synchronization. The unification of the two comes down to the unification of the satellite time scale into a reference time system. Without the support of GPS Pian YC code and the fact that the Beidou regional navigation system in China can only provide local traceability at present, it is a bottleneck problem to realize the unification of dual star time scale independently. Correction of time scale deviation. In the satellite gravimetry, the distance measurement value in the coordinates of longitude and latitude of the earth is required. According to the satellite orbit, it corresponds to the value of NT at a certain time in the reference time system. Due to the existence of time scale deviation, the measured data of the satellite is the time n NT? The amount of value on. The time scale deviation in the measured data must be corrected effectively in order to obtain the precise inter-satellite distance. Therefore, the correction of time scale deviation is the key problem of intersatellite precision ranging. Optimal design of ranging signal. The error of intersatellite precision ranging is directly related to the structural parameters of ranging signal. In the structure composition of ranging signal, the frequency design value allows a certain range of selection. For the intersatellite precision ranging with dual-frequency ranging signal, the ranging error can be further reduced by optimizing the frequency point of ranging signal. It is necessary to study the best frequency combination and the method of realizing the best frequency. Therefore, the optimal design of ranging signal is the key problem of inter-satellite precision ranging. In order to solve the above key technical problems, a unified non-relativistic ranging error model of double star time scale is established, and a unified method based on bidirectional time transfer and local traceability of Beidou time scale is proposed. In this paper, a time scale deviation step correction method based on interpolation fitting is proposed, and a frequency optimal combination method of DOWR signal is proposed. As the solutions of the four key technical problems mentioned above, these technical methods are proved to be effective by theoretical analysis and simulation, and implemented in the ranging system. The technical feasibility is verified by experiments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P223.4

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本文編號(hào)：1854842