本文選題：三維激光掃描 + 點云數(shù)據(jù)��； 參考：《西南交通大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)測繪技術(shù)隨著計算機技術(shù)的進步發(fā)展日益完善,但對于地形復雜且人員無法到達的區(qū)域,傳統(tǒng)測繪技術(shù)仍然無法滿足測量的需要。為了滿足人類社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的需求,三維激光掃描技術(shù)是繼GPS問世以來現(xiàn)代測繪領(lǐng)域又一新的變革。三維激光掃描技術(shù)憑借傳統(tǒng)測量手段無法比擬的優(yōu)勢廣泛使用在各個領(lǐng)域,在滑坡監(jiān)測、古建筑保護、地形測量、三維城市建模等方面取得了令人滿意的成果,特別是在復雜地形測量方面,三維激光掃描技術(shù)以非接觸測量、自動化手段體現(xiàn)了更大的優(yōu)勢。結(jié)合動態(tài)可視化技術(shù)能夠直觀生動的再現(xiàn)復雜地形的形成過程。本文在了解大量三維激光掃描文獻和相關(guān)可視化技術(shù)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合三維激光掃描技術(shù)獲取實驗田模擬沖溝溯源侵蝕過程的點云數(shù)據(jù),對具有三維坐標信息的海量點云進行處理并構(gòu)建時空數(shù)據(jù)模型,通過ArcGIS10.0軟件平臺實現(xiàn)了實驗田溝蝕現(xiàn)象動態(tài)可視化過程,論文主要研究內(nèi)容為： (1)分析研究了三維激光掃描儀的工作原理和優(yōu)勢,以及激光掃描儀的類型和應用領(lǐng)域,并對激光掃描的點云數(shù)據(jù)進行點云拼接、噪聲剔除等預處理。 (2)以實驗田模擬沖溝侵蝕狀態(tài)為研究對象,采用三維激光掃描儀獲取點云數(shù)據(jù)并建立DEM空間模型。對DEM模型引入時間信息構(gòu)建時態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)模型,實現(xiàn)沖溝溯源侵蝕過程的動態(tài)可視化表達。 (3)基于ArcSecne10.0軟件平臺,對實驗田不同時刻侵蝕狀態(tài)實現(xiàn)動態(tài)可視化演示,模擬沖溝溯源侵蝕的變化過程,并對可視化結(jié)果進行分析。 (4)對實驗田溝蝕過程中侵蝕體積的變量進行數(shù)據(jù)分析和圖形顯示,研究整個過程中不同時刻的侵蝕強度和相鄰時刻之間侵蝕強度對比,再現(xiàn)實驗田侵蝕隨時間推進的變化過程。對當?shù)貨_溝溯源侵蝕的機理研究具有一定的指導意義和決策依據(jù)。 本文以實驗田模擬沖溝溯源侵蝕過程為研究對象,結(jié)合ArcGIS10.0軟件平臺,實現(xiàn)了實驗田侵蝕過程的動態(tài)演示,并對溝蝕體積的變化做出了定量分析,為沖溝溯源侵蝕的機理研究提供一定的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the development of computer technology, the traditional surveying and mapping technology is becoming more and more perfect. However, the traditional surveying and mapping technology can not meet the needs of surveying for the areas where the terrain is complex and people can't reach it. In order to meet the needs of human social and economic development, 3D laser scanning technology is a new change in the field of modern surveying and mapping since the advent of GPS. 3D laser scanning technology has been widely used in various fields by virtue of the advantage that traditional measurement means can not be compared with. It has achieved satisfactory results in landslide monitoring, ancient building protection, topographic survey, 3D urban modeling and so on. Especially in the area of complex terrain measurement, 3D laser scanning technology has more advantages in non-contact measurement and automation. Combined with dynamic visualization technology, the formation process of complex terrain can be visualized and vividly reproduced. In this paper, based on the understanding of a large number of 3D laser scanning documents and related visualization techniques, the point cloud data of simulated trench traceability erosion process in experimental field are obtained by combining with 3D laser scanning technology. The massive point cloud with 3D coordinate information is processed and the spatio-temporal data model is constructed. The dynamic visualization process of trench erosion in experimental field is realized through ArcGIS10.0 software platform. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) the working principle and advantages of 3D laser scanner, the types and application fields of laser scanner are analyzed, and the point cloud data of laser scanning are preprocessed such as point cloud splicing, noise elimination and so on. (2) A 3D laser scanner was used to acquire point cloud data and establish a DEM spatial model based on the experimental field simulation of gully erosion. Temporal data model is constructed by introducing time information into DEM model to realize dynamic visualization of trench traceability erosion process. 3) based on the ArcSecne10.0 software platform, the dynamic visualization of the erosion state at different times in the experimental field is realized, and the change process of the trench traceability erosion is simulated, and the visualization results are analyzed. (4) the data analysis and graph display of the erosion volume in the experiment field are carried out, and the comparison of erosion intensity at different time and adjacent time in the whole process is studied to reproduce the changing process of erosion with time in the experiment field. It has certain guiding significance and decision basis to study the mechanism of local gully traceability erosion. In this paper, the dynamic demonstration of the erosion process of the experimental field is realized based on the simulation of trench traceability erosion process in the experimental field, and the quantitative analysis of the change of the gully erosion volume is made in combination with the ArcGIS10.0 software platform. It provides a certain reference for the study of the mechanism of trench traceability erosion.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P931;P225.2

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