本文選題：DEM + 流域��； 參考：《中國地質大學（北京）》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：數字地形分析技術的不斷深化為地學知識的挖掘和演化提供了良好的發(fā)展平臺。通過對流域進行數字地形分析，可以提取流域地形地貌及水文特征，并根據不同需要來確定流域分類的關鍵因子，對亞流域進行分類管理，有利于更詳細地了解流域地形，，并獲得對流域水系構成的數字化表達，實現流域的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 通過以格爾木河流域為研究區(qū)域，利用30m分辨率的ASTER-GDEM數據，對格爾木河流域進行數字地形分析研究。研究取得了以下主要認識和結論： (1)通過提取格爾木河流域的各種微觀和宏觀地貌因子，分析了流域地形地貌特征。研究表明：格爾木流域大多數地區(qū)坡度都在20°以下，地勢較為平緩的地區(qū)，坡向分布較均勻；坡度變率的數值范圍為0°～30°，整體變化趨勢和坡度十分相似。研究區(qū)主要以東昆侖山脈為界限，從南向北呈階梯狀遞減。 (2)運用ArcGIS的水文分析工具提取了格爾木河流域在不同匯流累積量閾值下的水系河網，并用盒維數法計算相應的水系分維數，得到了在一定無標度區(qū)間范圍內匯流累積量閾值和分維數的擬合方程，可以快速確定流域河網閾值及相應水系分維數。最后根據分維數大小判斷出格爾木河流域處于地貌侵蝕發(fā)育壯年期，為流域的復雜地貌形態(tài)方面的研究提供了定量依據。 (3)劃分出三級水系亞流域盆地，并以Matlab為平臺設計了流域水系分維數的計算程序，利用得到的分維值探討了區(qū)域內主要斷裂構造的活動性強弱。分析表明北側東昆中斷裂的整體活動性差異不大，西大灘斷裂和東昆南斷裂則以昆侖山埡口附近為界，西側斷裂活動性逐漸增強，東側則均由弱變強再變弱。 (4)利用SPSS軟件對亞流域的典型河流地貌參數進行主成分分析，通過簡化區(qū)域地貌—水文系統(tǒng)的要素維數，剔除了相關性較大的因子，保留了亞流域的主要特征。再根據新生成的主成分依照各個樣本的相似測度算出各流域在各主成分上的得分值，最后根據各得分值間的歐式距離進行流域系統(tǒng)聚類分析研究，從而得到相似流域，以期實現無資料地區(qū)的參數轉移。
[Abstract]:The deepening of digital terrain analysis technology provides a good development platform for the mining and evolution of geoscience knowledge. Through the digital terrain analysis of the watershed, the topographic and hydrological characteristics of the watershed can be extracted, the key factors of watershed classification can be determined according to different needs, and the subbasin can be classified and managed, which is helpful to understand the watershed topography in more detail. The digital expression of the river system is obtained to realize the sustainable development of the river basin. By taking the Golmud River Basin as the research area and using the 30m resolution ASTER-GDEM data, the digital terrain analysis of the Golmud River Basin is carried out. The main findings and conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) by extracting various microcosmic and macroscopic geomorphological factors of Geermu River Basin, the topographic and geomorphological characteristics of the basin are analyzed. The results show that the slope is below 20 擄in most areas of Geermu Basin, and the slope direction distribution is more uniform in the gentle terrain area, and the value range of slope variation rate is 0 擄~ 30 擄, and the overall variation trend is very similar to the slope degree. The study area is mainly east Kunlun Mountains as the boundary, from south to north a ladder decline. (2) using the hydrological analysis tool of ArcGIS, the river network of Geermu river basin under different confluence accumulative threshold is extracted, and the corresponding fractal dimension of river system is calculated by box dimension method. The fitting equations of the cumulative confluence threshold and the fractal dimension in a certain scale-free range are obtained. The threshold of river network and the fractal dimension of the corresponding river system can be determined quickly. Finally, according to the fractal dimension, it is concluded that the Geermu River basin is in the mature period of geomorphological erosion, which provides a quantitative basis for the study of complex geomorphology in the basin. In this paper, the subbasin of tertiary drainage system is divided, and the program of calculating the fractal dimension of drainage system is designed on the platform of Matlab. The activity of the main fault structures in the region is discussed by using the obtained fractal dimension. The analysis shows that there is little difference in the overall activity of the Dongkunzhong fault on the north side, while the Xidatan fault and the Dongkunnan fault are bounded by the Kunlun Mountain pass. The activity of the west fault increases gradually, and the east side of the fault becomes weak again. (4) using SPSS software, the main component analysis of typical river geomorphological parameters in the subbasin is carried out. By simplifying the element dimension of the regional geomorphology and hydrological system, the correlation factors are eliminated and the main characteristics of the subbasin are preserved. According to the newly generated principal components, the score of each watershed on each principal component is calculated according to the similarity measure of each sample. Finally, according to the Euclidean distance between the obtained values, the basin system cluster analysis is carried out, and the similar watershed is obtained. In order to realize the parameter transfer in the area without data.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質大學（北京）
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208

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本文編號：1799070