本文選題：地理場景 + 自然語言��； 參考：《南京師范大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：自然語言和虛擬地理場景是兩種重要的地理場景表達手段,在數(shù)據(jù)的豐富性、表達的直觀性、認知的習慣性、應用的普及性等方面各有所長。如何將具有豐富語義的自然語言信息轉(zhuǎn)換到虛擬地理場景中,已成為地理信息學科的熱點研究問題。本文依托國家自然科學基金項目“面向自然語言的虛擬地理場景重構(gòu)方法”,探索自然語言中地理場景信息“結(jié)構(gòu)化、圖形化、空間化”過程中的表達機制,實現(xiàn)地理場景從文本到圖形和虛擬場景的語義轉(zhuǎn)換。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下： (1)地理場景自然語言描述的結(jié)構(gòu)化表達 通過建立地理場景的自然語言描述實例庫,分析地理要素和語義的自然語言描述特點,應用框架知識表示法,從“地理要素、空間關系、地理場景結(jié)構(gòu)”三個層次進行地理場景的結(jié)構(gòu)化表達,解決地理場景的自然語言描述與虛擬場景表達的之間數(shù)據(jù)異構(gòu)性問題�？蚣苤R表示法不僅能夠表達地理場景結(jié)構(gòu)特征,而且保留了地理場景各個地理要素間的語義關聯(lián)信息。 (2)知識庫驅(qū)動的地理場景“文—圖”轉(zhuǎn)換 空間布局圖不僅能夠表達出地理要素分布的結(jié)構(gòu)特征,而且反映地理場景各地理要素之間的定性語義關系,是一種比自然語言更加直觀的地理場景表達方式。通過構(gòu)建地理場景知識庫,包括地理場景概念分類體系、地理常識庫、地理場景符號庫和地理場景結(jié)構(gòu)模板庫等,解決地理場景自然語言描述的語義一致性問題；顧及空間關系語義約束,實現(xiàn)了地理要素的空間“粗布局”；提出了基于蟻群算法的地理場景空間布局優(yōu)化方法,形成人機輔助的地理場景“文—圖”轉(zhuǎn)換機制。 (3)基于相似性匹配的地理場景的“文—景”轉(zhuǎn)換 通過地理概念相似度、空間關系相似度和空間結(jié)構(gòu)相似度計算,實現(xiàn)了基于多層次空間相似性匹配的自然語言與虛擬地理場景轉(zhuǎn)換方法。實驗結(jié)果表明,地理場景的自然語言描述與虛擬地理場景在表達方式上存在較大差異,兩者之間的轉(zhuǎn)換實際上是一個尋找空間和語義相似解的過程。但是,自然語言地理場景結(jié)構(gòu)特征的描述信息較為匱乏,借助地理場景的空間布局圖,能夠更加有效地實現(xiàn)地理場景的“文—景”轉(zhuǎn)換。
[Abstract]:Natural language and virtual geographical scene are two important means of geographical scene expression, which have their own advantages in the richness of data, the intuitiveness of expression, the habit of cognition, the popularization of application, etc. How to transform natural language information with rich semantics into virtual geographic scene has become a hot topic in the field of geographic information. Based on the National Natural Science Foundation project "Virtual Geographic scene Reconstruction method for Natural language", this paper explores the expression mechanism in the process of "structured, graphical and spatial" of geographic scene information in natural language. The semantic transformation of geographical scene from text to graph and virtual scene is realized. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) structured representation of natural language description of geographical scenes By establishing the natural language description case base of geographical scene, analyzing the characteristics of geographical element and semantic natural language description, applying the frame knowledge representation, this paper analyzes the relationship between geographical elements and space. In order to solve the problem of data heterogeneity between the natural language description of geographical scene and the representation of virtual scene, the three levels of geographical scene structure are structured expression of geographical scene. Frame knowledge representation can not only express the structural features of geographical scenes, but also retain the semantic association information among geographical elements. Knowledge-driven "text-graph" transformation of geographical scenes Spatial layout map can not only express the structural characteristics of geographical elements distribution, but also reflect the qualitative and semantic relationship between geographical scenes. It is a more intuitive way to express geographical scenes than natural language. The semantic consistency of geographical scene natural language description is solved by constructing geographical scene knowledge base, including geographical scene concept classification system, geographical common sense database, geographical scene symbol database and geographical scene structure template database. Taking into account the semantic constraints of spatial relations, the spatial "rough layout" of geographical elements is realized, and the optimization method of geographical scene spatial layout based on ant colony algorithm is proposed, which forms a human-computer aided "text-graph" transformation mechanism. "text-scene" transformation based on similarity matching By calculating the similarity of geographical concept, spatial relationship and spatial structure, the transformation method of natural language and virtual geographic scene based on multi-level spatial similarity matching is realized. The experimental results show that there is a great difference between the natural language description of geographical scenes and the virtual geographical scene in terms of expression, and the transformation between them is actually a process of searching for spatial and semantic similarity solutions. However, the description of natural language geographical scene structure features is relatively scarce. With the help of spatial layout map of geographical scene, the transformation of geographical scene "text-scene" can be realized more effectively.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208

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