發(fā)布時間：2018-04-13 07:51

  本文選題：空間碎片 + 衛(wèi)星激光測距�。� 參考：《中國科學院研究生院(云南天文臺)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：衛(wèi)星激光測距技術是一項具有重大應用潛力的天文地球動力學測量技術,經(jīng)多年的發(fā)展該技術已日益成熟,其測程可達36000 km,測量精度達亞cm量級。近年來,由于人類太空探索活動的增加,導致寶貴且有限的空間資源被大量的空間碎片所占據(jù),為確保航天活動的正常開展,空間碎片監(jiān)測、預警受到各國的廣泛重視。將漫反射激光測距技術應用到碎片測量中,不僅能夠提高空間碎片定軌精度,而且還可以為其他監(jiān)測手段提供標校,對空間碎片監(jiān)測、預警等研究具有重大意義。測量精度和測距能力是衡量漫反射激光測距系統(tǒng)極其重要的兩個指標,本論文的研究內(nèi)容圍繞著這兩個方面而展開。在測距精度研究方面,作者獨自完成以下工作:?對漫反射激光測距系統(tǒng)中的誤差來源進行了詳細的分析,得出影響漫反射激光測距精度的主要誤差來源;?基于單光子探測理論推導出激光脈沖寬度、回波強度與測距精度的關系表達式;在提高系統(tǒng)測距能力方面,本論文完成的具有創(chuàng)新性的工作如下:?綜合考慮望遠鏡跟蹤精度和大氣湍流造成的光束抖動對激光測距的影響,提出測距方程中應考慮兩種因素的綜合作用,在此基礎上推導出新的測距方程;?基于蓋格模式APD陣列探測器的工作原理及特點,建立了蓋格模式APD陣列的測距系統(tǒng)探測概率模型,得出陣列APD更適用于激光測距系統(tǒng);?根據(jù)超導探測器的性能特點,獨立設計了超導實驗的發(fā)射和接收系統(tǒng),將該系統(tǒng)應用于超導探測器實驗中,成功獲得了1064nm空間目標的實測數(shù)據(jù),為國內(nèi)外首創(chuàng)。本論文研究的成果及意義在于:1.通過對漫反射激光測距系統(tǒng)精度的研究,得出影響漫反射激光測距系統(tǒng)精度的主要誤差來源;2.在理論上推導出新的激光測距方程,為測距系統(tǒng)性能的優(yōu)化提供理論依據(jù);3.建立了陣列探測器的測距模型,為陣列探測器在測距系統(tǒng)中的應用提供了理論支持;4.通過實驗驗證了一類探測器應用在測距系統(tǒng)中的可行性,在實驗中積累了相關經(jīng)驗,為今后超導陣列探測器在測距系統(tǒng)中的應用提供技術支持和保障;5.本論文的研究為漫反射激光測距系統(tǒng)的工程化應用奠定了一定的基礎。
[Abstract]:Satellite laser ranging technology is an astronomical geodynamic measurement technology with great application potential. After many years of development, the technology has become more and more mature, its measuring range can reach 36000 km, and the measurement accuracy can reach sub-cm order of magnitude.In recent years, due to the increase of human space exploration activities, precious and limited space resources are occupied by a large number of space debris. In order to ensure the normal development of space activities, space debris monitoring and early warning have received extensive attention.The application of diffuse reflection laser ranging technology to debris measurement can not only improve the orbit determination accuracy of space debris, but also provide calibration for other monitoring means. It is of great significance for the research of space debris monitoring and early warning.Measurement accuracy and ranging capability are two very important indexes to measure diffuse reflection laser ranging system, and the research contents of this paper focus on these two aspects.In the research of ranging accuracy, the author has done the following work alone:?The error sources of diffuse reflection laser ranging system are analyzed in detail, and the main error sources that affect the accuracy of diffuse reflection laser ranging system are obtained.Based on the theory of single photon detection, the relationship between laser pulse width, echo intensity and ranging accuracy is derived. In order to improve the ranging capability of the system, the innovative work accomplished in this paper is as follows:?Considering the influence of the tracking accuracy of telescope and the beam jitter caused by atmospheric turbulence on laser ranging, this paper puts forward that the comprehensive action of two factors should be considered in the ranging equation. On this basis, a new ranging equation is deduced.Based on the working principle and characteristics of the Gage mode APD array detector, the probabilistic model of the ranging system of the Gage mode APD array is established, and the conclusion is drawn that the array APD is more suitable for the laser ranging system?According to the characteristics of the superconducting detector, the transmitting and receiving system of the superconducting experiment is designed independently. The system is applied to the experiment of the superconducting detector, and the measured data of the 1064nm space target are obtained successfully, which is the first at home and abroad.The research achievement and significance of this thesis lies in 1: 1.By studying the accuracy of diffuse reflection laser ranging system, the main error source of diffuse reflection laser ranging system is obtained.A new equation of laser ranging is derived theoretically, which provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the performance of ranging system.The ranging model of array detector is established, which provides theoretical support for the application of array detector in ranging system.The feasibility of the application of a class of detectors in the ranging system is verified by experiments, and the relevant experience is accumulated in the experiment, which provides technical support and guarantee for the application of superconducting array detectors in the ranging system in the future.The research in this paper lays a foundation for the engineering application of diffuse reflection laser ranging system.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院(云南天文臺)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P228.5

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