本文選題：重力測(cè)量　切入點(diǎn)：地球重力場(chǎng)　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：衛(wèi)星重力測(cè)量技術(shù)被公認(rèn)為是探測(cè)和研究全球重力場(chǎng)最有效且極具發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ姆椒ㄖ�。自進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來(lái)，基于衛(wèi)星跟蹤衛(wèi)星技術(shù)的CHAMP和GRACE以及基于衛(wèi)星重力梯度技術(shù)的GOCE重力衛(wèi)星計(jì)劃相繼成功實(shí)施，使得人們得以獲取高精度和高分辨率的全球重力場(chǎng)信息，進(jìn)一步提高了對(duì)全球物質(zhì)分布、物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移交換和地球內(nèi)部精細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)等科學(xué)問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)水平。為了研究衛(wèi)星重力測(cè)量計(jì)劃中指標(biāo)參數(shù)與科學(xué)目標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系和評(píng)估各種噪聲對(duì)恢復(fù)重力場(chǎng)精度的影響，傳統(tǒng)研究方法一般是將重力觀測(cè)值作為位置或者時(shí)間的函數(shù)，在此基礎(chǔ)上利用最小二乘法進(jìn)行相關(guān)的誤差分析。最小二乘誤差分析方法從數(shù)值的角度間接地進(jìn)行評(píng)估參數(shù)的影響，難以直接評(píng)估某些單一參數(shù)的影響，而且隨著解算模型的分辨率越來(lái)越高和階數(shù)越來(lái)越大，計(jì)算量急劇增長(zhǎng)并帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的數(shù)值不穩(wěn)定性問(wèn)題。 為了快速評(píng)估和確定衛(wèi)星重力測(cè)量計(jì)劃有關(guān)參數(shù)，，以及評(píng)估不同類型載荷噪聲的影響，根據(jù)儀器功率譜密度和重力位系數(shù)階方差的定義，建立了衛(wèi)星重力梯度測(cè)量噪聲與恢復(fù)重力場(chǎng)模型精度的直接對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。利用二維傅立葉變換性質(zhì)、二維采樣定理和相應(yīng)的調(diào)制理論，進(jìn)一步推導(dǎo)出了衛(wèi)星重力測(cè)量結(jié)果中所含二維空間信號(hào)與觀測(cè)值的一維時(shí)間頻率的聯(lián)系，從而可以解析地評(píng)估衛(wèi)星重力測(cè)量中色噪聲的影響。利用此關(guān)系，首先討論分析了白噪聲模型下衛(wèi)星重力測(cè)量技術(shù)中測(cè)量噪聲、衛(wèi)星軌道高度及運(yùn)行時(shí)間等參數(shù)對(duì)重力場(chǎng)恢復(fù)精度的影響。接著分析了色噪聲對(duì)恢復(fù)重力場(chǎng)模型精度的影響，結(jié)果表明低頻的噪聲在整個(gè)頻帶上都對(duì)恢復(fù)重力場(chǎng)位系數(shù)有影響�？紤]到實(shí)際測(cè)量噪聲為色噪聲的情況下，如果不采取濾波措施，低頻處的1/f噪聲將較大地影響恢復(fù)重力場(chǎng)的空間分辨率和精度。但是，在使用濾波器后低頻噪聲得到抑制的同時(shí)，重力場(chǎng)信號(hào)每一階所含有的低頻信息也被抑制，可能使得單獨(dú)使用梯度觀測(cè)值恢復(fù)重力場(chǎng)模型系數(shù)時(shí)產(chǎn)生失真。 此外，根據(jù)高低衛(wèi)—衛(wèi)跟蹤測(cè)量原理并結(jié)合線性擾動(dòng)理論和控制理論，我們建立起了高低衛(wèi)—衛(wèi)跟蹤測(cè)量噪聲功率譜與重力場(chǎng)恢復(fù)精度之間的解析表達(dá)式，并在此基礎(chǔ)上分析討論了高低衛(wèi)—衛(wèi)跟蹤中GPS定位誤差和靜電懸浮加速度計(jì)測(cè)量噪聲對(duì)所恢復(fù)重力場(chǎng)精度的影響。結(jié)果表明目前高低衛(wèi)—衛(wèi)跟蹤得到的地球重力場(chǎng)精度主要受限于GPS的測(cè)量精度。 為了獲取高精度的月球引力場(chǎng)模型，開(kāi)展了月球衛(wèi)星引力梯度測(cè)量方案的研究。月球引力梯度測(cè)量不僅有利于恢復(fù)月球引力場(chǎng)的中短波分量信息，而且還有利于消除探月衛(wèi)星受到的非保守力的影響，可望利用運(yùn)行在軌道高度為20km的極圓軌道上、梯度測(cè)量水平為30mE/Hz1/2的重力梯度衛(wèi)星，在半波長(zhǎng)為7km的空間分辨率上，確定月球水準(zhǔn)面的精度約為20.5cm的月球引力場(chǎng)模型。 相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的研究衛(wèi)星重力測(cè)量誤差分析和恢復(fù)能力論證的方法，我們提出的方法具有簡(jiǎn)單和直接等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，且不需要消耗大量計(jì)算資源，特別適合項(xiàng)目建議初期對(duì)部分觀測(cè)量或者載荷指標(biāo)進(jìn)行快速評(píng)估和確定，也可以對(duì)衛(wèi)星重力測(cè)量系統(tǒng)數(shù)值模擬仿真中參數(shù)選擇和優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Satellite gravity measurement technology is recognized as one of the detection and study of global gravity field is the most effective and promising method. Since entering since twenty-first Century, based on satellite satellite tracking technology of CHAMP and GRACE and GOCE satellite gravity plan satellite gravity gradient based technology have been successfully implemented, so that people can get high precision and high resolution of the world the gravity field information, to further improve the distribution of the global material, the level of understanding of the mass transfer and exchange of the fine structure of scientific problems. In order to study between the index of satellite gravity measurement plan parameters and scientific objectives and the relationship between the assessment of noise on the recovery effect of gravity accuracy, the traditional research methods are generally gravity observations as the position or function of time, on the basis of using the least squares analysis related least squares error error. Difference analysis method from the numerical point indirectly evaluate parameters of the impact is difficult to directly evaluate certain single parameter, and with the solution model of more and more high resolution and order is more and more big, the sharp increase in the amount of calculation and serious numerical instability problems.
In order to evaluate and determine the parameters of satellite gravity measurement program, and to evaluate the effects of different types of load noise, according to the definition of power spectral density and gravity coefficient variance of order, the establishment of a satellite gravity gradient measurement noise and gravity field recovery model precision direct correspondence. Using two-dimensional Fu Liye transformation properties, two-dimensional sampling theorem and the corresponding modulation theory, deduced the one-dimensional time frequency signal and two-dimensional space observations including satellite gravity measurement results in the value of the link, which can be analytically assess the impact of satellite gravity measurement in noise. Using this relationship, the dissertation analysis the measurement noise of satellite gravity measurement technology white noise model, influence of satellite the orbit height and running time and other parameters on the gravity field recovery precision. Then analyzes the color noise on gravity field recovery model precision The results show that the effect of low frequency noise in the frequency band of gravity field recovery effect coefficient. Taking into account the actual measurement noise is color noise, if you do not take measures to filter, 1/f noise at low frequency will greatly affect the recovery of spatial resolution and accuracy of the gravity field. However, in the use of filter low frequency noise is suppressed at the same time, the low frequency information of each order containing gravity signal is also suppressed, may make use of separate gradient observations of gravity field recovery model coefficients of distortion.
In addition, according to the level of Wei Wei tracking measurement principle and the linear perturbation theory and control theory, we established a low satellite to satellite tracking and noise power spectrum measurement and analytical expression between the precision of gravity field recovery, and on the basis of the discussion of the GPS level of Wei Wei positioning tracking error and accelerometer the effect of measurement noise on the recovery of gravity accuracy. The results show that the measurement accuracy of the low satellite - satellite tracking the earth's gravity field accuracy is mainly limited to GPS.
In order to obtain high precision lunar gravity field model, carried out the research of lunar satellite gravity gradient measurement scheme. The moon's gravity gradient measurement is not only conducive to the recovery of the shortwave component information of lunar gravity field, but also conducive to the elimination of lunar satellite by non conservative force influence, is expected to use in orbit height 20km polar circle track, gradient measurement level of gravity gradient satellite 30mE/Hz1/2, the half wavelength resolution of 7km, determine the lunar geoid accuracy is about lunar gravity field model of the 20.5cm.
Compared with the analysis method of satellite gravity measurement error and traditional recovery ability that our proposed method has the advantages of simple and direct, and does not need to consume a large amount of computing resources, especially for the initial project proposals for fast evaluation and determination of some measurements or load index, can also be on satellite gravity measurement system numerical simulation the parameter selection and optimization design to provide guidance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P223.4

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