本文關鍵詞： 變化檢測 土地利用 對象特征 特征融合 數(shù)據(jù)維壓縮 監(jiān)督分類　出處：《昆明理工大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：及時、快速、準確地獲取土地利用信息是各級政府開展國土資源規(guī)劃、管理、保護和合理利用的前提條件和基本依據(jù)。利用多源,多時相,多分辨率遙感影像進行土地利用變化檢測,可獲取多目標、多周期、多尺度的變化信息。論文以同一個研究區(qū)域不同范圍的QuickBird影像和Landsat多光譜數(shù)據(jù)為研究對象,從兩個方面展開研究： 一、在深入研究常用遙感變化檢測方法的基礎上,針對傳統(tǒng)變化檢測方法在高分辨率遙感影像變化檢測中的局限性,利用面向?qū)ο蠓治黾夹g對實驗區(qū)多時相QuickBird影像進行變化檢測實驗,檢測出變化圖斑后與實驗區(qū)更高分辨率的航攝影像及歷史矢量數(shù)據(jù)進行對比,來分析該方法在土地利用變化檢測中的適用性； 二、基于需要了解某個時間段研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的土地利用變化趨勢但又缺乏歷史矢量數(shù)據(jù)及高分辨率遙感影像的假設,以Landsat多光譜數(shù)據(jù)為研究對象,結(jié)合相應的指數(shù),利用壓縮數(shù)據(jù)維的方法進行分類后變化檢測,獲取研究區(qū)域主要土地利用類型的變化信息,其具體研究內(nèi)容及成果如下： (1)對遙感變化檢測的基本理論進行深入研究,并概括分析了常用變化檢測方法的原理及優(yōu)缺點。 (2)以研究區(qū)域某個村為實驗對象,對實驗區(qū)多時相QuickBird影像進行多尺度分割后,提取影像對象的光譜特征、紋理特征和形狀特征圖,利用提取的對象特征進行變化檢測,由于單一的特征所提取的信息具有一定的不確定性,不能唯一地準確判定地表的變化信息,實驗將特征級變化檢測結(jié)果進行融合作為最終的檢測結(jié)果。后將實驗結(jié)果與實驗區(qū)0.2米航片、土地利用變更調(diào)查及基本農(nóng)田規(guī)劃數(shù)據(jù)制作的本底數(shù)據(jù)進行對比分析,結(jié)果表明此方法能最大程度的檢測變化信息,但要運用到實際的土地利用變化檢測項目中,需要對變化檢測結(jié)果進行大量的篩選。 (3)以整個研究區(qū)域為實驗對象,通過分析研究區(qū)域主要的土地利用類型和地物分布特點,選取土壤調(diào)節(jié)植被指數(shù)、歸一化建筑用地指數(shù)及修正歸一化差異水體指數(shù)代表實驗區(qū)的三大主要土地利用類型—植被、建筑用地及水體。將TM影像6個波段及ETM影像7個波段壓縮為由它們衍生的3個采用比值運算構(gòu)成的指數(shù)波段,并分析三個指數(shù)波段的相關性,將相關性很小的兩個波段作為XY軸構(gòu)成二維散點圖,利用基于幾何頂點的端元提取方法選擇分類樣本后對指數(shù)影像進行分類后變化檢測。實驗結(jié)果表明基于相同的分類樣本和分類方法,壓縮后的指數(shù)影像分類精度高于原始影像,利用壓縮數(shù)據(jù)維的分類后變化檢測方法可有效檢測研究區(qū)域主要土地利用類型的變化信息。
[Abstract]:Timely, rapid and accurate access to land use information is the prerequisite and basic basis for governments at all levels to carry out land and resource planning, management, protection and rational utilization. Multi-resolution remote sensing images can obtain multi-target, multi-period and multi-scale information for land use change detection. In this paper, QuickBird images and Landsat multispectral data of different range in the same research area are taken as the research object. The research is carried out from two aspects:. First, on the basis of in-depth study of common remote sensing change detection methods, aiming at the limitation of traditional change detection methods in high-resolution remote sensing image change detection, The object oriented analysis (OOA) technique is used to detect the change of multitemporal QuickBird images in the experimental area, and the change pattern is detected and compared with the higher resolution aerial photography and historical vector data in the experimental area. To analyze the applicability of this method in land use change detection; Secondly, based on the assumption that land use change trends in a certain period of time need to be understood but lack of historical vector data and high-resolution remote sensing images, the multi-spectral data of Landsat are taken as the research object and the corresponding indices are combined. The method of compressed data dimension is used to detect the changes after classification and obtain the change information of the main land use types in the study area. The specific research contents and results are as follows:. 1) the basic theory of remote sensing change detection is deeply studied, and the principle, advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used change detection methods are summarized. Taking a village in the research area as the experimental object, the multitemporal QuickBird image of the experimental area is segmented with multiple scales, then the spectral feature, texture feature and shape feature map of the image object are extracted, and the change detection is carried out by using the extracted object feature. Because the information extracted by a single feature has certain uncertainty, it is not possible to judge the change information of the earth's surface only accurately. In the experiment, the feature level change detection results are fused as the final detection results, and then the experimental results are compared with the background data of 0.2 m aerial photograph, land use change survey and basic farmland planning data in the experimental area. The results show that this method can detect the change information to the maximum extent, but in order to apply to the actual land use change detection project, a large number of change detection results need to be screened. Taking the whole study area as the experimental object, through analyzing the main land use types and the distribution characteristics of the ground objects in the study area, selecting the soil adjustment vegetation index, Normalized construction land index and modified normalized difference water body index represent the three main land use types in the experimental area-vegetation. Six bands of TM image and seven bands of ETM image are compressed into three exponential bands derived from TM image by ratio operation, and the correlation of the three exponential bands is analyzed. Using the two bands with little correlation as the XY axis to form a two-dimensional scatter diagram, Based on the geometric vertex extraction method, the classification samples are selected and the changes of the index images are detected after classification. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the compressed exponential images is higher than that of the original images based on the same classification samples and classification methods. The change information of the main land use types in the studied area can be detected effectively by using the classified change detection method of compressed data dimension.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P237

【引證文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前2條

1 祝錦霞;高分辨率遙感影像變化檢測的關鍵技術研究[D];浙江大學;2011年

2 吳劍;基于面向?qū)ο蠹夹g的遙感震害信息提取與評價方法研究[D];武漢大學;2010年

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本文編號：1504452