【摘要】：地震是誘發(fā)斜坡變形、失穩(wěn)、破壞的一個重要因素,而斜坡中的軟弱夾層因其工程地質特殊性對斜坡的動力穩(wěn)定性起著至關重要的作用。為了研究地震作用下含反傾軟弱夾層斜坡的動力變形破壞特征及響應規(guī)律,本文在前人大量振動臺試驗研究的基礎上,提出含反傾軟弱夾層斜坡的簡化概念模型,借助大型振動臺試驗研究手段,通過觀測和記錄模型試驗過程中的變形破壞現(xiàn)象,收集斜坡模型沿高程分布的各個監(jiān)測點的加速度動力響應數(shù)據(jù)來分析和總結該類斜坡的動力變形破壞特征和響應規(guī)律。通過試驗研究主要得到以下幾點成果:(1)地震動作用下含反傾軟弱夾層斜坡的變形破壞特征及加速度動力響應規(guī)律與地震波的類型、頻率、加載方向、激振強度(振幅)有關,同時還與坡體高程、坡體位置(坡面和坡內)以及斜坡所含軟弱夾層的厚度大小等因素有關。(2)含反傾軟弱夾層的斜坡在強震作用下的破壞方式為“震裂-散體崩落”型破壞,斜坡的坡面近水平裂縫起主要的控制作用,并且該類斜坡具有沿坡面裂縫呈帶狀散體崩落的特點。該類型斜坡的變形破壞集中在軟弱夾層以上,坡體的中上部,這與坡面水平加速度在該部位被顯著放大有關。當?shù)卣鸩ㄕ穹^低時,該類型斜坡不會發(fā)生較大的變形破壞,而它的變形破壞主要是由較高振幅的水平向地震波作用所引起的。(3)“尖峰現(xiàn)象”:含反傾軟弱夾層斜坡坡面X向加速度動力響應沿高程的變化規(guī)律受輸入波振幅大小的影響。當振幅值較低時,斜坡坡面X向加速度動力響應一般隨高程的增加呈非線性增大,并在坡頂位置達到最大值,越接近坡頂,響應值增長的幅度也越大。當輸入地震波的振幅值高于一定值后,斜坡坡面X向加速度動力響應并不在坡頂位置達到最大值,它會在斜坡坡面的中上部位產生最大響應值,出現(xiàn)本文所述的“尖峰現(xiàn)象”。(4)反傾軟弱夾層的影響:①斜坡所含反傾軟弱夾層越厚,斜坡產生變形破壞的位置越高,夾層的消能作用越強,斜坡的破壞范圍、程度越小。②斜坡的PGA放大系數(shù)沿高程的增長速率一般在夾層處有所降低,其中坡面Z向PGA放大系數(shù)降幅最大。③斜坡坡內的加速度動力響應受夾層厚度變化的影響較坡面小。在軟弱夾層以上部位,相同高程位置的斜坡加速度動力響應水平一般隨軟弱夾層厚度的增大而減小。夾層以下部位,坡面的Z向加速度動力響應水平最易受夾層厚度的影響,在汶川波作用下,夾層越厚,坡面Z向加速度動力響應值一般越大。④斜坡所含反傾軟弱夾層的夾層厚度影響“尖峰現(xiàn)象”出現(xiàn)的坡面位置和該位置的加速度動力響應值的大小。軟弱夾層厚度越大,出現(xiàn)“尖峰現(xiàn)象”的坡面位置越低,在該位置所對應的加速度動力響應值也越小。(5)含反傾軟弱夾層的斜坡在強震作用下的變形破壞與斜坡坡面X向的加速度動力響應規(guī)律密切相關。軟弱夾層厚度通過影響斜坡坡面X向加速度動力響應規(guī)律來影響斜坡發(fā)生變形破壞的位置。斜坡坡面X向加速度動力響應出現(xiàn)“尖峰現(xiàn)象”的高程位置與斜坡集中發(fā)生變形破壞的高程位置一致。斜坡所含軟弱夾層的厚度越大,坡面X向加速度動力響應出現(xiàn)“尖峰現(xiàn)象”的位置越低,斜坡發(fā)生變形破壞的位置也越低。
[Abstract]:The earthquake is an important factor to induce the deformation, instability and failure of the slope, and the soft interlayer in the slope plays an important role in the dynamic stability of the slope due to the particularity of the engineering geology. In order to study the dynamic deformation and failure characteristics and the response of the inclined soft-bed slope under the action of earthquake, this paper puts forward a simplified conceptual model of an anti-roll soft sandwich slope based on the research of a large number of vibration table tests, and by means of the large-scale vibration table test, By observing and recording the deformation and failure phenomena in the model test, the acceleration dynamic response data of each monitoring point along the elevation distribution of the slope model is collected to analyze and summarize the dynamic deformation failure characteristic and response rule of the slope. The results of the experiment are as follows: (1) The deformation and failure characteristic of the slope with the anti-roll and weak interlayer under the action of ground motion and the dynamic response of the acceleration are related to the type, frequency, loading direction and excitation intensity (amplitude) of the seismic wave, and at the same time, it is also related to the elevation of the slope, The position of the slope (in the slope and the slope) and the thickness of the soft interlayer contained in the slope are related to the factors. (2) The failure mode of the slope with the anti-roll soft interlayer is the "spalling-dispersion caving" type failure under the action of strong earthquake, and the slope surface of the slope is mainly controlled by the horizontal crack, and the slope has the characteristics of being caving in the form of a strip-shaped dispersion along the slope surface. The deformation and destruction of this type of slope are concentrated above the soft interlayer and the upper part of the slope, which is related to the horizontal acceleration of the slope at this part. When the amplitude of the seismic wave is low, the slope of the type does not cause a large deformation and damage, and the deformation and failure of the slope are mainly caused by the horizontal directional wave action of the higher amplitude. (3) "spike phenomenon": The change law of the acceleration power response along the elevation of the slope surface with the anti-roll soft interlayer slope is affected by the amplitude of the input wave. When the amplitude value is low, the response of the slope surface X to the acceleration is generally nonlinear with the increase of the elevation, and the maximum value is reached at the top of the slope, and the higher the response value increases. When the amplitude value of the input seismic wave is above a certain value, the response of the slope surface X to the acceleration power does not reach the maximum value at the top of the slope, and the maximum response value is generated at the upper part of the slope surface, and the "spike phenomenon" described herein is present. (4) The effect of the anti-roll soft interlayer: the thicker the anti-roll soft interlayer contained in the slope, the higher the deformation of the slope, the stronger the energy dissipation effect of the interlayer, and the smaller the extent of the failure of the slope. The growth rate of the PGA amplification factor along the elevation along the elevation is generally lower at the interlayer, with the slope Z being the largest in the PGA amplification factor. The dynamic response of the acceleration in the slope of the slope is less affected by the change of the thickness of the interlayer. In the above part, the dynamic response level of the slope at the same elevation is generally decreased with the increase of the thickness of the soft interlayer. In the following parts of the interlayer, the Z-direction acceleration dynamic response level of the slope surface is most affected by the interlayer thickness, and under the effect of the Wenchuan wave, the thicker the interlayer, the greater the response response value of the surface Z to the acceleration. The interlayer thickness of the anti-roll soft interlayer contained in the top slope affects the slope position at which the "spike phenomenon" appears and the magnitude of the acceleration power response value of the position. The larger the thickness of the weak interlayer, the lower the slope position of the "spike phenomenon", and the smaller the response value of the acceleration force corresponding to the position. (5) The deformation of the slope with the anti-roll soft interlayer is closely related to the acceleration dynamic response law of the slope surface X under the action of strong earthquake. The thickness of the soft interlayer is affected by the dynamic response of the slope surface X to the acceleration, and the deformation of the slope is affected by the deformation of the slope. The elevation position of the "spike phenomenon" of the slope surface X to the acceleration power response is the same as the elevation position where the deformation of the slope concentration occurs. The larger the thickness of the soft interlayer contained in the slope, the lower the position of the slope X toward the acceleration power response, and the lower the deformation of the slope.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P642.27

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本文編號：2491997