【摘要】：地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)能在破壞性地震動(dòng)到達(dá)目標(biāo)地區(qū)前為人們提供地震警報(bào)信息,從而有效減少地震造成的人員傷亡,減輕地震災(zāi)害損失。目前,很多國(guó)家都在積極研究和應(yīng)用地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng),并已取得了諸多成果。初至震相的自動(dòng)分析識(shí)別技術(shù)是地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)中最基礎(chǔ)但又極為關(guān)鍵的技術(shù)環(huán)節(jié)。準(zhǔn)確可靠的震相自動(dòng)識(shí)別結(jié)果能夠最大程度地保證預(yù)警系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)出信息的可靠性,同時(shí)也能有效降低預(yù)警系統(tǒng)中的震相關(guān)聯(lián)等后續(xù)工作的復(fù)雜度。本文在學(xué)習(xí)借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外震相自動(dòng)識(shí)別相關(guān)研究方法的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一套算法簡(jiǎn)單、可用于實(shí)時(shí)處理的震相綜合識(shí)別方法。具體的工作如下:(1)介紹了目前常見的自動(dòng)震相識(shí)別方法,如STA/LTA方法、能量分析方法、偏振分析方法法、短時(shí)傅里葉變換方法、小波變換方法、人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法等,并按時(shí)域分析、頻域分析、時(shí)頻分析、綜合分析方法四大類進(jìn)行了綜述。(2)闡述了長(zhǎng)短時(shí)平均結(jié)合AIC方法、偏振分析方法、能量分析方法、FFT幅值比方法和峰度方法的原理。分別應(yīng)用以上五種方法對(duì)所選取的福建測(cè)震臺(tái)網(wǎng)觀測(cè)記錄進(jìn)行P波震相到時(shí)的自動(dòng)撿拾,統(tǒng)計(jì)并分析了五種方法的撿拾結(jié)果,總結(jié)各方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。結(jié)果表明,單一方法只利用了信號(hào)的某一屬性特征,其適用范圍有一定限制,不能有效避免所有類型的誤撿拾。(3)為避免誤撿拾,尤其是干擾信號(hào)引起的誤撿拾,本文充分利用地震信號(hào)的幅值特性、頻率特性、偏振特性等屬性,提出了一套算法簡(jiǎn)單、可用于實(shí)時(shí)處理的震相綜合識(shí)別方法,并應(yīng)用該方法對(duì)所選取的福建測(cè)震臺(tái)網(wǎng)觀測(cè)記錄進(jìn)行P波震相自動(dòng)撿拾,統(tǒng)計(jì)并分析撿拾結(jié)果。結(jié)果表明,綜合識(shí)別方法的抗干擾信號(hào)能力顯著增強(qiáng),能有效避免干擾信號(hào)引起的誤撿拾,有助于提高P波撿拾結(jié)果的可靠性。
[Abstract]:The earthquake early warning system can provide people with earthquake warning information before the destructive ground motion reaches the target area, so as to effectively reduce the casualties caused by earthquakes and reduce the loss of earthquake disasters. At present, many countries are actively studying and applying earthquake early warning system, and have made a lot of achievements. The automatic analysis and identification technology of first arrival seismic phase is the most basic but critical technical link in earthquake early warning system. Accurate and reliable seismic phase automatic identification results can ensure the reliability of the output information of the early warning system to the greatest extent, and can also effectively reduce the complexity of the follow-up work such as earthquake correlation in the early warning system. On the basis of learning and drawing lessons from the related research methods of automatic seismic phase recognition at home and abroad, a set of comprehensive seismic phase recognition methods with simple algorithm and can be used for real-time processing is proposed in this paper. The specific work is as follows: (1) the common automatic seismic phase recognition methods, such as STA/LTA method, energy analysis method, polarization analysis method, short-time Fourier transform method, wavelet transform method, artificial neural network method and so on, are introduced. According to time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis, time-frequency analysis and comprehensive analysis methods, four categories of methods are reviewed. (2) the long-time average method combined with AIC method, polarization analysis method and energy analysis method are described. The principle of FFT amplitude ratio method and kurtosis method. The above five methods are used to automatically pick up the P wave seismic phase of the selected Fujian seismic network observation records, the picking results of the five methods are statistically and analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are summarized. The results show that the single method only makes use of one attribute feature of the signal, and its scope of application is limited to a certain extent, which can not effectively avoid all types of false picking. (3) in order to avoid false picking, especially the false picking caused by interference signal, In this paper, a set of comprehensive seismic phase identification methods with simple algorithm and can be used for real-time processing is proposed by making full use of the amplitude characteristics, frequency characteristics and polarization characteristics of seismic signals. The P wave seismic phase is automatically picked up by the selected observation records of Fujian seismic network by using this method, and the picking results are counted and analyzed. The results show that the anti-interference signal ability of the comprehensive recognition method is significantly enhanced, which can effectively avoid the false picking up caused by the interference signal, and is helpful to improve the reliability of P wave picking up results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地震局工程力學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P315.75

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本文編號(hào)：2475867