【摘要】：選取桂林丫吉試驗場硝鹽洞為研究對象,通過示蹤試驗和高分辨率水文水化學監(jiān)測,確定滴水補給來源,研究典型巖溶包氣帶洞穴滴水對降雨響應的水文過程。研究結果表明,硝鹽洞XY5滴水主要受到兩種徑流成分補給,即集中補給的管道流和彌散流。硝鹽洞上部包氣帶中可能存在表層巖溶帶含水層,長期維持滴水流量。滴水流量、電導率和示蹤劑濃度的峰值均出現在強降雨時段,表現出快速響應的管道流特征,存在降雨閾值引起硝鹽洞滴水降雨響應。降雨前巖溶含水層水分條件是包氣帶水文響應差異的主要原因,雨季滴水對降雨響應迅速,XY5滴水對降雨響應的滯后時間為10 h;而旱季對降雨的響應滯后明顯,滯后時間達9.8天,體現了土壤和表層巖溶帶的調蓄作用。74.4 mm降雨量是旱季轉雨季滴水響應的降雨閾值。借助于洞穴滴水的水文動態(tài)變化和示蹤試驗技術對于研究包氣帶水文過程,深入了解巖溶含水層結構及特征,揭示巖溶區(qū)降雨入滲補給機制具有重要作用。
[Abstract]:Through tracer test and high resolution hydrohydrochemical monitoring, the source of drip water supply was determined, and the hydrological process of drop water response to rainfall in typical karst vadose zone was studied by choosing nitrate cave in Yazhi test site in Guilin as the research object and through tracer test and high resolution hydrohydrochemical monitoring to determine the source of drip water supply. The results show that the XY5 dripping water in nitrate cave is mainly supplied by two kinds of runoff components, that is, centralized recharge pipe flow and dispersion flow. The surface karst aquifer may exist in the aeration zone of the upper part of the nitrate tunnel, and the dripping water flow can be maintained for a long time. The peak values of drip flow, conductivity and tracer concentration all appear in the heavy rainfall period, showing the characteristics of pipeline flow with rapid response, and there is a rainfall threshold which causes the rainfall response of nitrate holes. The water condition of karst aquifer before rainfall is the main reason for the difference of hydrological response in aerated zone. The response of drip water in rainy season to rainfall is rapid and the lag time of XY5 drop water response to rainfall is 10 hours. However, the response to rainfall in dry season lags behind obviously, and the lag time reaches 9.8 days, which reflects the regulation and storage of soil and surface karst zone, and the rainfall of 74.4 mm is the rainfall threshold of dripping water response from dry season to rainy season. It is very important to study the hydrological process of aeration zone, understand the structure and characteristics of karst aquifer, and reveal the mechanism of rainfall infiltration recharge in karst area by means of the hydrologic dynamic change and tracer test technique of cave drip water.
【作者單位】： 中國地質科學院巖溶地質研究所國土資源部/廣西巖溶動力學重點實驗室;聯合國教科文組織國際巖溶研究中心;廣西水文地質工程地質隊;中國地質大學(北京);
【基金】：國家自然科學基金項目(編號:41172231;41502176;41302211) 中國地質調查局地質調查項目(編號:DD20160285) 廣西院士顧問項目(編號:2002371310009)聯合資助~~
【分類號】：P641.134

【參考文獻】

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